ArticleFrontiers in neuroscience2020
Glutamate Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (GluCEST) Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Pre-clinical and Clinical Applications for Encephalitis.
Article in Frontiers in neuroscience, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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16 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- CEST MRI reveals nicotine-induced alterations in glutamate-associated molecular connectivity in the mouse brain.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- CEST MRI assessment of HIV-1-associated neurometabolic impairments in a humanized mouse model.NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Article
- Characterizing Spatial Associations Between GluCEST MRI and Neurotransmitter Receptor Density in the Human Cortex.Human brain mapping · 2025Article
- Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer Imaging in Neuroinflammation: Methods, Challenges, and Recommendations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- CEST MRI in the Management/Diagnosis of Neuroinfectious Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Toward quantitative CEST imaging of glutamate in the mouse brain using a multi-pool exchange model calibrated byMagnetic resonance in medicine · 2025Article
- CEST MRI detects antiretroviral drug toxicities in the developing mouse brain.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Advancing In Vivo Molecular Bioimaging With Optimal Frequency Offset Selection and Deep Learning Reconstruction for CEST MRI.IEEE access : practical innovations, open solutions · 2025Article
- Neurochemical dynamics during two hypnotic states evidenced by magnetic resonance spectroscopy.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Preparation of Hematoporphyrin-Poly(Lactic Acid) Nanoparticles Encapsulated Perfluoropentane/Salicylic Acid for Enhanced US/CEST MR Bimodal Imaging.International journal of nanomedicine · 2024Article
- Novel Nanoprobe with Combined Ultrasonography/Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Precise Diagnosis of Tumors.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Biogenic Imaging Contrast Agents.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Review
- 3.0 T multi-parametric MRI reveals metabolic and microstructural abnormalities in the posterior visual pathways in patients with thyroid eye disease.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- BTomography (Ann Arbor, Mich.) · 2022Article
- The Distribution of Major Brain Metabolites in Normal Adults: Short Echo Time Whole-Brain MR Spectroscopic Imaging Findings.Metabolites · 2022Article
- Current understanding of the human microbiome in glioma.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEncephalitis is a common central nervous system inflammatory disease that seriously endangers human health owing to the lack of effective diagnostic methods, which leads to a high rate of misdiagnosis and mortality. Glutamate is implicated closely in microglial activation, and activated microglia are key players in encephalitis. Hence, using glutamate chemical exchange saturation transfer (GluCEST) imaging for the early diagnosis of encephalitis holds promise.
methodsThe sensitivity of GluCEST imaging with different concentrations of glutamate and other major metabolites in the brain was validated in phantoms. Twenty-seven Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with encephalitis induced by
resultsThe number of amine protons on glutamate that had a chemical shift of 3.0 ppm away from bulk water and the signal intensity of GluCEST were concentration-dependent. Under physiological conditions, glutamate is the main contributor to the GluCEST signal. Compared with normal tissue, in both rats and patients with encephalitis, the encephalitis areas demonstrated a hyper-intense GluCEST signal, while the lacunar infarction had a decreased GluCEST signal intensity. After intravenous immunoglobulin therapy, patients with encephalitis lesions showed a decrease in GluCEST signal, and the results were significantly different from the pre-treatment signal (1.34 ± 0.31 vs 5.0 ± 0.27%, respectively;
conclusionGlutamate plays a role in encephalitis, and the GluCEST imaging signal has potential as an
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