ArticleDrug design, development and therapy2020
Hirudin Protects Against Kidney Damage in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Nephropathy Rats by Inhibiting Inflammation via P38 MAPK/NF-κB Pathway.
Article in Drug design, development and therapy, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of Keluoxin capsule in combination with Western medicine for diabetic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- GABA ameliorates diabetic kidney disease-induced podocyte injury via JAML-FPR2 axis-mediated suppression of macrophage infiltration.Renal failure · 2026Article
- A network pharmacology-based study on the mechanism of hirudin attenuates renal interstitial fibrosis through Nrf2 and NF-κB signalling pathways.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- The Advances in Novel Delivery Strategies for Hirudin Against Cardiovascular Diseases.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease: the mechanisms of signaling pathways regulations.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Mechanisms of Macrophage Glycolytic Reprogramming and Interventional Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Renal Fibrosis.International journal of general medicine · 2026Review
- Macrophage polarization in diabetic vascular complications: mechanistic insights and therapeutic targets.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Tubular Injury in Diabetic Kidney Disease: Early Diagnosis and Intervention Strategies.Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews · 2025Review
- NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Pyroptosis in Diabetic Nephropathy: Pathogenic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
- Investigating the metabolic reprogramming mechanisms in diabetic nephropathy: a comprehensive analysis using bioinformatics and machine learning.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Article
- Cross Talk Between Macrophages and Podocytes in Diabetic Nephropathy: Potential Mechanisms and Novel Therapeutics.Mediators of inflammation · 2025Review
- Hirudin inhibits ferroptosis to improve renal fibrosis by targeting the STAT3/NLRP3 signaling pathway.Acta cirurgica brasileira · 2025Article
- Explore potential immune-related targets of leeches in the treatment of type 2 diabetes based on network pharmacology and machine learning.Frontiers in genetics · 2025Article
- Potential pathways for natural active ingredients to intervene in diabetic kidney disease: targeting macrophage infiltration.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Review
- Targeting programmed cell death in diabetic kidney disease: from molecular mechanisms to pharmacotherapy.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2024Review
- Identification of metabolic reprogramming-related genes as potential diagnostic biomarkers for diabetic nephropathy based on bioinformatics.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2024Article
- Article
- Recombinant hirudin and PAR-1 regulate macrophage polarisation status in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.BMC biotechnology · 2024Article
- Research Progress of Pyroptosis in Diabetic Kidney Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Hirudin in the Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInflammation-induced podocyte apoptosis plays an important role in kidney injury during diabetic nephropathy (DN). Hirudin (HIR), a natural compound extracted from leeches, can inhibit inflammation. However, whether HIR can protect the kidneys against inflammation during DN is unknown. In the present study, we aimed to study the effects of HIR on kidney damage in a DN rat model and explore its anti-inflammatory properties.
methodsA streptozotocin-induced DN rat model was generated, and HIR was administered subcutaneously. Immortal podocytes and primary peritoneal macrophages were used for vitro studies. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to evaluate renal pathological changes; quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting were used to detect gene expression; and TUNEL staining was used to detect apoptotic cells.
resultsOur results showed that HIR protected against renal injury, as indicated by kidney weight/body weight, serum creatinine, renal pathological changes, blood urea nitrogen, and detection of urine proteins. Notably, HIR treatment reduced macrophage infiltration, pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, and podocyte apoptosis in the kidney tissues of DN rats. In vitro, high glucose (HG) induced the activation of M1 macrophages, which was accompanied by increased podocyte apoptosis. HIR could decrease HG-induced podocyte apoptosis and suppress pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in podocytes in vitro. This was achieved via inhibition of p38 MAPK/NF-κB activation in renal tissues and podocytes.
conclusionHIR could inhibit inflammation via the p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathway, prevent podocyte apoptosis, and protect against kidney damage in a DN rat model.
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