ArticleBMJ open2020
Health impacts and environmental footprints of diets that meet the Eatwell Guide recommendations: analyses of multiple UK studies.
Article in BMJ open, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Do the Drivers of Food Choice Differ Between Healthier and Less Healthy Foods? A Systematic Review of Reviews.Nutrition reviews · 2026Pooled it
- The effectiveness of mobile app-based interventions in facilitating behaviour change towards healthier and more sustainable diets: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2025Pooled it
- Investigating intervention components and their effectiveness in promoting environmentally sustainable diets: a systematic review.The Lancet. Planetary health · 2024Pooled it
- Associations of daily diet-related greenhouse gas emissions with the incidence and mortality of chronic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies.Epidemiology and health · 2023Pooled it
- Primary school-based food environment intervention increases diet diversity: Project Daire, a cluster randomized controlled trial.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2025Trial
- Sustainable diets reduce diet-related greenhouse gas emissions and improve diet quality: results from the MyPlanetDiet randomized controlled trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Trial
- Ultraprocessed or minimally processed diets following healthy dietary guidelines on weight and cardiometabolic health: a randomized, crossover trial.Nature medicine · 2025Trial
- Effects of a personalized nutrition program on cardiometabolic health: a randomized controlled trial.Nature medicine · 2024Trial
- 'Raising the Pulse': The environmental, nutritional and health benefits of pulse-enhanced foods.Nutrition bulletin · 2023Trial
- Shaping the future of early-onset colorectal cancer prevention.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- Health and Dietary Disparities in the North of England: A Report From Nutrition North on Key Challenges in the North of England.Nutrition bulletin · 2026Article
- From Policy to Practice: A Global Analysis to Identify Factors That Influence the Implementation of Food-Based Dietary Guidelines by Health and Nutrition Professionals.Current developments in nutrition · 2026Article
- Closing the dietary fibre gap - developing a novel dietary fibre screening tool (SCREEN-IT) for the UK population: validity, reproducibility and usability insights.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Reduced meat and dairy consumption improves health, environmental and most nutritional outcomes without increasing diet costs among Scottish adults.Nature food · 2026Article
- Adhering to dietary guidelines does not yield flavanol intake levels associated with beneficial cardiovascular effects.Food & function · 2026Article
- Socio-Demographic Variation in Adherence to the Eatwell Guide Within the UK Biobank Prospective Cohort Study.Nutrition bulletin · 2026Article
- Assessing food procurement greenhouse gas emissions and food waste in UK fine dining.Cleaner food systems · 2026Article
- Novel Plant and fungi-based Alternatives Support Nutritional Adequacy of Diets and Reduce Their Environmental Impacts.Current developments in nutrition · 2026Article
- The Future of Food Processing-A Food Science and Technology Perspective. Proceedings of a Roundtable Event.Nutrition bulletin · 2026Article
- Plant-based analogues to meat and dairy for sustainable food systems.The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society · 2026Review
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo assess the health impacts and environmental consequences of adherence to national dietary recommendations (the Eatwell Guide (EWG)) in the UK. DESIGN AND
settingA secondary analysis of multiple observational studies in the UK.
participantsAdults from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer - Oxford(EPIC-Oxford), UK Biobank and Million Women Study, and adults and children aged 5 and over from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS).Primary and secondary outcome measures risk of total mortality from Cox proportional hazards regression models, total greenhouse gas emissions (GHGe) and blue water footprint (WF) associated with 'very low' (0-2 recommendations), 'low' (3-4 recommendations) or 'intermediate-to-high' (5-9 recommendations) adherence to EWG recommendations.
resultsLess than 0.1% of the NDNS sample adhere to all nine EWG recommendations and 30.6% adhere to at least five recommendations. Compared with 'very low' adherence to EWG recommendations, 'intermediate-to-high adherence' was associated with a reduced risk of mortality (risk ratio (RR): 0.93; 99% CI: 0.90 to 0.97) and -1.6 kg CO
conclusionsThe health and environmental benefits of greater adherence to EWG recommendations support increased government efforts to encourage improved diets in the UK that are essential for the health of people and the planet in the Anthropocene.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.