ArticleBMJ open2020
Associations between maternal age and socioeconomic status with smoking during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy: a register-based study of 932 671 women in Finland from 2000 to 2015.
Article in BMJ open, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Outcomes in Early Adulthood for Individuals Born Very Preterm and/or with Very Low Birth Weight: Evidence from Multinational Cohorts.Journal of pediatrics. Clinical practice · 2026Article
- Parental Socioeconomic Status and an Infant's Risk of Hospital Admission for Respiratory Syncytial Virus.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2024Article
- Epigenetics of the non-coding RNA nc886 across blood, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in offspring exposed to diabetes in pregnancy.Clinical epigenetics · 2024Article
- Socioeconomic status, maternal risk factors, and gestational diabetes mellitus across reproductive years: a Finnish register-based study.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2023Article
- Association between maternal e-cigarette use during pregnancy and low gestational weight gain.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2023Article
- Association of Preterm Birth and Socioeconomic Status With Neonatal Brain Structure.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Methylation status of nc886 epiallele reflects periconceptional conditions and is associated with glucose metabolism through nc886 RNAs.Clinical epigenetics · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThis study aimed to explore the association between maternal age and smoking during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy across socioeconomic groups and to evaluate the interacting effect of maternal age and socioeconomic status on smoking with a view to informing public health interventions.
designThis is a register-based study. SETTINGS: Data from the Finnish Medical Birth Register were cross-linked with background data from Statistics Finland.
participantsThe information of 932 671 pregnant women who gave birth in Finland from 2000 to 2015.
main outcome measuresMaternal smoking during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy by occupation and maternal age.
resultsThe proportion of women who smoked during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy was 10.5%. Using women 30-34 years as the reference group, adjusted ORs (aOR) and 95% CIs for smoking were 6.02 (5.81 to 6.24) in women below 20 years and 2.77 (2.71 to 2.84) in women 20 to 24 years. The prevalence of smoking across socioeconomic groups compared with upper-level employees increased, peaking for women in manual occupations (aOR 3.39, 95% CI 3.25 to 3.52) and unemployed women (aOR 4.49, 95% CI 4.30 to 4.68). Significant interactions on the additive scale with the relative excess risk due to interaction >2 were found for unemployed women aged 25-29 years and for teenage mothers and mothers aged 20-24 years across all socioeconomic groups, but not for self-employed women.
conclusionsSmoking during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy was most common among teenage mothers across all socioeconomic groups. The association between maternal age and smoking differed by socioeconomic status for young mothers. Interventions should address a wider range of maternal risk factors among young mothers with low socioeconomic status and simultaneously target a broader number of women who smoke during the pregnancy.
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