ArticleJAMA network open2020
Incidence, Distribution, and Lethality of Firearm Injuries in California From 2005 to 2015.
Article in JAMA network open, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Patterns and dynamics of conflict-related sexual violence: an insight from 54 African countries.International journal for equity in health · 2025Article
- Characteristics of ocular injuries associated with mortality in patients admitted with major trauma.BMC ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Changes in suicide in California from 2017 to 2021: a population-based study.Injury epidemiology · 2023Article
- Changes in self-harm and suicide in California from 2017-2021: a population-based study.Research square · 2023Article
- Firearm injuries in Missouri.PloS one · 2023Article
- Gunshot and stab wounds in France: descriptive study from a national trauma registry.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2022Article
- Firearm Violence Following the Implementation of California's Gun Violence Restraining Order Law.JAMA network open · 2022Article
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Importance: Little is known about nonfatal firearm injuries in the United States, and national estimates based on emergency department samples may not be accurate. Objective: To describe the incidence and distribution of nonfatal firearm injuries and estimate case fatality ratios (CFRs) for firearm injuries by external cause of injury code within California overall and by race/ethnicity, including an assessment of trends over time and geographic variation within the state. Design, Setting, and Participants: This serial cross-sectional study used complete statewide data for firearm-related mortality, emergency department visits, and hospitalizations among California residents from January 1, 2005, through December 31, 2015, to analyze incidence, distribution, and CFRs of firearm injury. Data were analyzed from 2018 to 2019. Exposures: All individuals in California with a firearm injury based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision or International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision codes were included. Main Outcomes and Measures: Counts and rates of nonfatal firearm injuries overall and stratified by external cause, sex, and race/ethnicity; total and clinical CFRs. Clinical CFR was calculated based on individuals treated in emergency departments or hospitals. Results: Over the study period, there were 81 085 firearm-related emergency department visits and hospitalizations among individuals with a mean (SD) age of 27.5 (11.9) years, 72 567 (89.6%) of whom were men. Nonfatal firearm injuries in California decreased by 38.1% between 2005 and 2015, driven by a 46.4% decrease in assaultive injuries. Self-inflicted injuries and unintentional injuries remained relatively stable. The overall CFR for firearm injuries increased from 27.6% in 2005 to 32.2% in 2015 for a relative increase of 20.7%, while the clinical CFR remained stable between 7.0% and 9.0%. Conclusions and Relevance: These findings suggest that although the number of firearm injuries has decreased in California, the lethality of these injuries has not. Similar studies from other states could provide more information about these trends nationwide.
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