ArticleInternational health2021
Community and health system factors associated with antiretroviral therapy initiation among men and women in Malawi: a mixed methods study exploring gender-specific barriers to care.
Article in International health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Implementation of male-specific motivational interviewing in Malawi: an assessment of intervention fidelity and barriers to scale-up.BMJ global health · 2026Article
- Factors affecting the enrolment of men into a community adherence group in Kavango East Region, Namibia.African journal of primary health care & family medicine · 2026Article
- Developing a male-specific counselling curriculum for HIV treatment in Malawi.Gates open research · 2025Article
- Men's Satisfaction with General Health Services is Associated with Future Use of HIV Testing in Malawi: A Community-Representative Survey.AIDS and behavior · 2024Article
- Implementing a male-specific ART counselling curriculum: a quality assessment with healthcare workers in Malawi.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2024Article
- Identifying efficient linkage strategies for men (IDEaL): a study protocol for an individually randomised control trial.BMJ open · 2023Article
- Strategies to improve antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation and early engagement among men in sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review of interventions in the era of universal treatment.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2023Article
- Understanding the Unique Barriers and Facilitators that Affect Men's Initiation and Retention in HIV Care: A Qualitative Study to Inform Interventions for Men Across the Treatment Cascade in Malawi.AIDS and behavior · 2023Article
- Association Between Time to Antiretroviral Therapy and Loss to Care Among Newly Diagnosed Rwandan People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2023Article
- How HIV Clients Find Their Way Back to the ART Clinic: A Qualitative Study of Disengagement and Re-engagement with HIV Care in Malawi.AIDS and behavior · 2022Article
- Out-of-Catchment Area Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation and its Factors among HIV Positive People on Lifelong Therapy in Western Ethiopia: Implementation of Decentralized ART Services.Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS CareArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlthough community and health system factors are known to be critical to timely antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation, little is known about how they affect men and women.
methodsWe examined community- and health system-level factors associated with ART initiation in Malawi and whether associations differ by gender; 312 ART initiates and 108 non-initiates completed a survey; a subset of 30 individuals completed an indepth interview. Quantitative data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regressions, with separate models by gender. Qualitative data were analyzed through constant comparison methods.
resultsAmong women, no community-level characteristics were associated with ART initiation in multivariable models; among men, receiving social support for HIV services (adjusted OR [AOR]=4.61; p<0.05) was associated with ART initiation. Two health system factors were associated with ART initiation among men and one for women: trust that accessing ART services would not lead to unwanted disclosure (women: AOR=4.51, p<0.01; men: AOR=1.71, p<0.01) and trust that clients were not turned away from ART services (men: 12.36, p=0.001).
conclusionsQualitative data indicate that men were concerned about unwanted disclosure due to engaging in ART services and long waiting times for services. Interventions to remove health system barriers to ART services should be explored to promote social support among men.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.