Trial reportThe American journal of clinical nutrition2020
Metabolic adaptation is an illusion, only present when participants are in negative energy balance.
Trial report in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Ketosis and Appetite Suppression - What is the Maximum Carbohydrate Intake That is Still Associated With Appetite Suppression in a Low Energy Diet?
Evaluation of the Potential Impact of Probiotics on Weight Loss Maintenance in Individuals With Obesity
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- The impact of a low-carbohydrate (vs. low-fat) diet on fat mass loss in African American women is modulated by insulin sensitivity.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2025Trial
- Adaptive thermogenesis, at the level of resting energy expenditure, after diet alone or diet plus bariatric surgery.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2024Trial
- Effects of a 4-month active weight loss phase followed by weight loss maintenance on adaptive thermogenesis in resting energy expenditure in former elite athletes.European journal of nutrition · 2022Trial
- Timing of daily calorie loading affects appetite and hunger responses without changes in energy metabolism in healthy subjects with obesity.Cell metabolism · 2022Trial
- Adaptive thermogenesis after moderate weight loss: magnitude and methodological issues.European journal of nutrition · 2022Trial
- Weight and body composition changes affect resting energy expenditure predictive equations during a 12-month weight-loss intervention.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2021Trial
- An eHealth-Delivered Total Diet Replacement Intervention for Type 2 Diabetes Remission: Single-Arm Pilot Study.JMIR diabetes · 2026Article
- Synergistic Intervention for Obesity: Integrating Central Appetite Regulation and Peripheral Energy Expenditure.Current obesity reports · 2026Review
- Post-operative Metabolic Adaptation and its Influence on Long-Term Recurrent Weight Gain After Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery.Obesity surgery · 2026Article
- Review
- Empagliflozin in the Absence of Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Its Anthropometric and Metabolic Effects in Humans and Animals.International journal of endocrinology · 2026Article
- Dietary and Behavioral Strategies for Weight Loss and Weight Loss Maintenance: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2025Review
- The Role of Cheat Meals in Dieting: A Scoping Review of Physiological and Psychological Responses.Nutrition reviews · 2025Article
- Are we giving too much weight to lean mass loss?Molecular metabolism · 2025Review
- Changes in Trunk, but Not Limb, Lean Body Mass Contribute to Variability in Metabolic Adaptation Following Weight Loss.Obesity science & practice · 2025Article
- Metabolic adaptation fluctuates with different prediction equations: a secondary analysis based on a weight-loss clinical trial.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Angiotensin in the Arcuate: Mechanisms Integrating Cardiometabolic Control: The 2022 COH Mid-Career Award for Research Excellence.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2024Review
- Weight History Correlates of Resting Energy Expenditure in Women With Bulimia Nervosa.The International journal of eating disorders · 2024Article
- Effects of Empagliflozin-Induced Glycosuria on Weight Gain, Food Intake and Metabolic Indicators in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2024Article
- Obesity-induced and weight-loss-induced physiological factors affecting weight regain.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe existence of metabolic adaptation, following weight loss, remains a controversial issue. To our knowledge, no study has evaluated the role of energy balance (EB) in modulating metabolic adaptation.
objectivesThe aim of this study was to determine if metabolic adaptation, at the level of resting metabolic rate (RMR), is modulated by participants' EB status. A secondary aim was to investigate if metabolic adaptation was associated with weight regain.
methodsSeventy-one individuals with obesity (BMI: 34.6 ± 3.4 kg/m2; age: 45.4 ± 8.2 y; 33 men) enrolled in a 1000-kcal/d diet for 8 wk, followed by 4 wk of weight stabilization and a 9-mo weight loss maintenance program. Body weight/composition and RMR were measured at baseline, week 9 (W9), week 13 (W13), and 1 y (1Y). Metabolic adaptation was defined as a significantly different (lower or higher) measured compared with predicted RMR.
resultsParticipants lost on average 14 kg by W9, followed by weight stabilization at W13, and regained 29% of their initial weight loss at 1Y. Metabolic adaptation was found at W9 (-92 ± 110 kcal/d, P < 0.001) and W13 (-38 ± 124 kcal/d, P = 0.011) but was not correlated with weight regain. A significant reduction in metabolic adaptation was seen between W9 and W13 (-53 ± 101 kcal/d, P < 0.001). In a subset of participants who gained weight between W9 and W13 (n = 33), no metabolic adaptation was seen at W13 (-26.8 ± 121.5 kcal/d, P = 0.214). In a subset of participants with data at all time points (n = 45), metabolic adaptation was present at W9 and W13 (-107 ± 102 kcal/d, P < 0.001 and -49 ± 128 kcal/d, P = 0.013) but not at 1Y (-7 ± 129, P = 0.701).
conclusionAfter weight loss, metabolic adaptation at the level of RMR is dependent on the EB status of the participants, being reduced to half after a period of weight stabilization. Moreover, metabolic adaptation does not predict weight regain at 1Y follow-up. These trials were registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02944253 and NCT03287726.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.