ArticleBMJ open sport & exercise medicine2020
Biomechanical risk factors of lower back pain in cricket fast bowlers using inertial measurement units: a prospective and retrospective investigation.
Article in BMJ open sport & exercise medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06479538 (Comparative Effects of Post Isometric Relaxation and Post Facilitation Stretching on Pain, Rom and Functional Disability Among Young Fast Bowlers With Quadratus Lumborum Tightness), which is not on this map. Cited by 9 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparative Effects of Post Isometric Relaxation and Post Facilitation Stretching on Pain, Rom and Functional Disability Among Young Fast Bowlers With Quadratus Lumborum Tightness
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Machine Learning-Based Pattern Recognition of Risk Factors for Low Back Pain among Adolescent Cricket Players in Dhaka City.PLOS digital health · 2026Article
- Risk Factors and Successful Interventions for Cricket-Related Low Back Pain: An Updated Systematic Review.Cureus · 2025Review
- Potential neurophysiological and biomechanical risk factors for sport-related back problems: A scoping review.Sports medicine and health science · 2024Article
- Assessment of Spinal and Pelvic Kinematics Using Inertial Measurement Units in Clinical Subgroups of Persistent Non-Specific Low Back Pain.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Intrinsic variables associated with low back pain and lumbar spine injury in fast bowlers in cricket: a systematic review.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2023Article
- Kinematic differences between left- and right-handed cricket fast bowlers during the bowling action.South African journal of sports medicine · 2023Article
- Mechanisms behind the Development of Chronic Low Back Pain and Its Neurodegenerative Features.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- The Use of Wearable Sensors for Preventing, Assessing, and Informing Recovery from Sport-Related Musculoskeletal Injuries: A Systematic Scoping Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Validity and reliability of innovative field measurements of tibial accelerations and spinal kinematics during cricket fast bowling.Medical & biological engineering & computing · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo investigate spinal kinematics, tibial and sacral impacts during fast bowling, among bowlers with a history of low back pain (LBP) (retrospective) and bowlers who developed LBP in the follow-up season (prospective).
methods35 elite male fast bowlers; senior (n=14; age=24.1±4.3 years; height=1.89±0.05 m; weight=89.2±4.6 kg) and junior (n=21; age=16.9±0.7; height=1.81±0.05; weight=73.0±9.2 kg) were recruited from professional county cricket clubs. LBP history was gathered by questionnaire and development of LBP was monitored for the follow-up season. Spinal kinematics, tibial and sacral impacts were captured using inertial measurement units placed over S1, L1, T1 and anteromedial tibia. Bonferroni corrected pairwise comparisons and effect sizes were calculated to investigate differences in retrospective and prospective LBP groups.
resultsApproximately 38% of juniors (n=8) and 57% of seniors (n=8) reported a history of LBP. No differences were evident in spinal kinematics or impacts between those with LBP history and those without for seniors and juniors. Large effect sizes suggest greater rotation during wind-up (d=1.3) and faster time-to-peak tibial impacts (d=1.5) in those with no history of LBP. One junior (5%) and four (29%) seniors developed LBP. No differences were evident in spinal kinematics or impacts between those who developed LBP and those who did not for seniors. In seniors, those who developed LBP had lower tibial impacts (d=1.3) and greater lumbar extension (d=1.9) during delivery.
conclusionRetrospective analysis displayed non-significant differences in kinematics and impacts. It is unclear if these are adaptive or impairments. Prospective analysis demonstrated large effect sizes for lumbar extension during bowling suggesting a target for future coaching interventions.
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