ReviewNature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology2021
Faecal microbiota transplantation for Clostridioides difficile: mechanisms and pharmacology.
Review in Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07490054 (An Open-Label, Pilot Clinical Trial To Test The Safety And Feasibility Of Intestinal Microbiota Transplantation In Patients With Chronic Heart Failure), which is not on this map. Cited by 95 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
An Open-Label, Pilot Clinical Trial To Test The Safety And Feasibility Of Intestinal Microbiota Transplantation In Patients With Chronic Heart Failure
Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Comparative effectiveness of treatments for recurrentFrontiers in pharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- Detecting microbial engraftment after FMT using placebo sequencing and culture enriched metagenomics to sort signals from noise.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Novel Microbial Engraftment Trajectories Following Microbiota Transplant Therapy in Ulcerative Colitis.Journal of Crohn's & colitis · 2025Trial
- The gut microbiome-bile acid-FXR interplay: a pivotal axis in metabolic and gastrointestinal diseases.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Review
- Longitudinal surveillance of antibiotic resistance and virulence evolution inMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Microbial engraftment and immune regulation during fecal microbiota transplantation and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.Nature communications · 2026Review
- Wastewater reuse for production of plant-based foods: does spore-formingApplied and environmental microbiology · 2026Review
- Microbiota-driven mechanisms in multisystem diseases: integrative evidence across cardiovascular, metabolic, neurological and autoimmune disorders.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2026Review
- Machine learning-based assessment of the healthy human gut mycobiota landscape using ITS1 DNA metabarcoding data.BioData mining · 2026Article
- Tryptophan metabolism mediated by the gut microbiota inhibits pyroptosis via the AhR signaling pathway to maintain intestinal epithelial homeostasis.Microbiome · 2026Article
- Gut Microbiota-Non-Coding RNA Axis in Immune Modulation and Disease: From Mechanisms to Clinical Translation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Development of Peptide Glucosyltransferase Inhibitors With Comprehensive Coverage Across Clostridioides difficile Toxin B Sub-Types.Biotechnology and bioengineering · 2026Article
- Fecal microbiota and microbial community transplantation:Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Fecal microbiota transplantation: from empirical remedy to precision medicine.Frontiers in microbiomes · 2026Review
- Metagenomic source tracking after microbiota transplant therapy.Gut microbes · 2025Article
- Use of proximity ligation shotgun metagenomics to investigate the dynamics of plasmids and bacteriophages in the gut microbiome following fecal microbiota transplantation.Gut microbes · 2025Article
- The pulmonary commensal Lactobacillus regulated lung γδ T cells to enhance resistance against bacterial infections.Microbiome · 2025Article
- The microbiome in cancer.iMeta · 2025Review
- Microbiota-gut-brain axis in neurodegenerative diseases: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets.Molecular biomedicine · 2025Review
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has emerged as a remarkably successful treatment for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection that cannot be cured with antibiotics alone. Understanding the complex biology and pathogenesis of C. difficile infection, which we discuss in this Perspective, is essential for understanding the potential mechanisms by which FMT cures this disease. Although FMT has already entered clinical practice, different microbiota-based products are currently in clinical trials and are vying for regulatory approval. However, all these therapeutics belong to an entirely new class of agents that require the development of a new branch of pharmacology. Characterization of microbiota therapeutics uses novel and rapidly evolving technologies and requires incorporation of microbial ecology concepts. Here, we consider FMT within a pharmacological framework, including its essential elements: formulation, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. From this viewpoint, multiple gaps in knowledge become apparent, identifying areas that require systematic research. This knowledge is needed to help clinical providers use microbiota therapeutics appropriately and to facilitate development of next-generation microbiota products with improved safety and efficacy. The discussion here is limited to FMT as a representative of microbiota therapeutics and recurrent C. difficile as the indication; however, consideration of the intrinsic basic principles is relevant to this entire class of microbiota-based therapeutics.
Indexed as
Identifiers
32843743What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.