ReviewCell communication and signaling : CCS2020
The Role of Immunological Synapse in Predicting the Efficacy of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) Immunotherapy.
Review in Cell communication and signaling : CCS, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- CAR T therapy in adult DLBCL patients in Slovenia: Evaluation of predictive scores for outcomes and adverse events.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Super-resolution imaging reveals altered actin architecture at CAR-T cell immune synapses.The Journal of cell biology · 2026Article
- Co-expression of non-signaling CARs enhances EGFRvIII-specific CAR T-cell cytotoxicity against head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Reprogramming CD22 CAR-T cells in vivo using CD8-targeted mRNA-LNPs to treat hematological malignancies.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- Rapid CAR screening and circRNA-driven CAR-NK cells for persistent shed-resistant immunotherapy.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Article
- RASA2 deletion rescues immune synapse dysfunction, enhancing CAR T cell efficacy against DMGs.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Unleashing CAR-T potential in solid tumors: overcoming intrinsic and extrinsic hurdles to improve therapy.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Review
- Artificial intelligence for optimization of immunotherapy: current applications and transformative potential.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Evaluation of multi-antigen targeting ADCC strategies in pediatric BCP-ALL.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Single-cell RNA sequencing: enhancing the predictive accuracy of tumor immunotherapy efficacy.Essays in biochemistry · 2025Review
- CD99-mediated immunological synapse formation potentiates CAR-T cell function.Nature communications · 2025Article
- MUC18-Directed chimeric antigen receptor T cells for the treatment of mucosal melanoma.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Discovery and preclinical development of a SdAb-based CAR-T technology for targeting CD33 in AML.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2025Article
- Novel FRET-based Immunological Synapse Biosensor for the Prediction of Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T Cell Function.Small methods · 2025Article
- Single-chain variable fragment affinity tuning can optimize anti-AML CAR-NK cell functionality.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Review
- Smart CAR-T Nanosymbionts: archetypes and proto-models.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- CAR-γδ T cells: a new paradigm of programmable innate immune sentinels and their systemic applications in cancer and beyond.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- A potential prognostic marker for hematologic neoplasms: CD58.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- CAR T Cell Nanosymbionts: Revealing the Boundless Potential of a New Dyad.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) immunotherapy utilizes genetically-engineered immune cells that express a unique cell surface receptor that combines tumor antigen specificity with immune cell activation. In recent clinical trials, the adoptive transfer of CAR-modified immune cells (including CAR-T and CAR-NK cells) into patients has been remarkably successful in treating multiple refractory blood cancers. To improve safety and efficacy, and expand potential applicability to other cancer types, CARs with different target specificities and sequence modifications are being developed and tested by many laboratories. Despite the overall progress in CAR immunotherapy, conventional tools to design and evaluate the efficacy and safety of CAR immunotherapies can be inaccurate, time-consuming, costly, and labor-intensive. Furthermore, existing tools cannot always determine how responsive individual patients will be to a particular CAR immunotherapy. Recent work in our laboratory suggests that the quality of the immunological synapse (IS) can accurately predict CAR-modified cell efficacy (and toxicity) that can correlate with clinical outcomes. Here we review current efforts to develop a Synapse Predicts Efficacy (SPE) system for easy, rapid and cost-effective evaluation of CAR-modified immune cell immunotherapy. Ultimately, we hypothesize the conceptual basis and clinical application of SPE will serve as an important parameter in evaluating CAR immunotherapy and significantly advance precision cancer immunotherapy. Video abstract Graphic abstract for manuscript CCAS-D-20-00136 by Liu, D., et al., 'The Role of Immunological Synapse in Predicting the Efficacy of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) Immunotherapy". The various branches of evaluating cancer immunotherapy metaphorically represented as a Rubik's cube. The development of a novel approach to predict the effectiveness of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-modified cells by quantifying the quality of CAR IS will introduce a new parameter to the rapidly expanding field of cancer immunotherapy. Currently, no single parameter can predict the clinical outcome or efficacy of a specific type of CAR-modified cell. IS quality will serve as a quantifiable measure to evaluate CAR products and can be used in conjunction with other conventional parameters to form a composite clinical predictor. Much like a Rubik's cube has countless configurations, several methods and combinations of clinical metrics have arisen for evaluating the ability of a given immunotherapeutic strategy to treat cancer. The quality of IS depicting cancer immunotherapy is metaphorically expressed as a Rubik's cube. Each face/color represents one aspect of cancer therapy. Each grid in one face indicates one factor within that aspect of cancer therapy. For example, the green color represents the tumor microenvironment, and one out of the nine grids in the green color indicates suppressor cells (suppressors in green). Changes in one factor may completely alter the entire strategy of cancer therapy. However, the quality of IS (illuminated center red grid) makes the effectiveness of CAR immunotherapy predictable.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.