ArticleBMC public health2020
The Back-care Behavior Assessment Questionnaire (BABAQ) for schoolchildren: development and psychometric evaluation.
Article in BMC public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Hungarian Adaptation, Validity and Reliability of the Questionnaire "Health Questionnaire on Back Care Knowledge in Daily Life Physical Activities for Adolescent Students" Examining the Back Care Knowledge and Spine Disease Prevention.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- The Ergonomic Behaviors Evaluation Tool (EBET) based on social cognitive theory for the assembly line workers: development and psychometric assessment.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Tools for Assessing Knowledge of Back Health in Adolescents: A Systematic Review Protocol.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Health questionnaire on back care knowledge and spine disease prevention for 6-10 years old children: development and psychometric evaluation.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2021Article
- Identification of factors related to behaviors associated with musculoskeletal pain among elementary students.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundBack pain is an important public health problem and the leading cause of adult disability worldwide and is rising among schoolchildren populations. Despite numerous studies reporting on back care interventions in pediatric population; there is currently no existing theory-based instrument to assess impact and outcome of these programs. This paper reports on development and psychometric testing of a theory based back-care behavior instrument for use among elementary schoolchildren.
methodsThis was a three-phases study that included the following steps: a) a literature research to review existing instruments that assess healthy spine-related behavior in elementary schoolchildren; b) development of a new instrument namely the Back-care Behavior Assessment Questionnaire (BABAQ) based on the Social Cognitive Theory and existing instruments, and c) conducting a cross sectional study to test psychometric properties of the BABAQ by estimating the content validity ratio (CVR), the content validity index (CVI), performing confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), reliability analysis, and convergent validity as estimated by the Average Variance Extracted (AVE).
resultsFirst, a questionnaire (the BABAQ) was developed. It contained of 49 items tapping into 5 pre-defined constructs (skills, knowledge, self-efficacy, expectation beliefs, and behavior). Then, 610 fifth-grade female schoolchildren were entered into a cross sectional study and they completed the BABAQ. The CVR and the CVI of the questionnaire was found to be ≥0.54 and > 0.7, respectively. The CFA confirmed the five constructs and showed good fit for the data. The intraclass correlation (ICC) and the Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the BABAQ were 0.84 (P < 0.001) and 0.93, respectively. The convergent validity as measured by the AVE also showed satisfactory results.
conclusionThe findings suggest that the Back-care Behavior Assessment Questionnaire (BABAQ) is a valid instrument for measuring healthy spine-related behaviors among schoolchildren.
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