Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32842588›Full record

ReviewMicromachines2020

4D Printing: A Review on Recent Progresses.

Honghui Chu, Wenguang Yang, Lujing Sun, Shuxiang Cai, Rendi Yang, Wenfeng Liang, Haibo Yu, Lianqing Liu

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Micromachines, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
59citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

59 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Honghui ChuSchool of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
Wenguang YangSchool of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.ORCID 0000-0002-1560-665X
Lujing SunSchool of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
Shuxiang CaiSchool of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
Rendi YangSchool of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
Wenfeng LiangSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110016, China.ORCID 0000-0002-6605-2511
Haibo YuState Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
Lianqing LiuState Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 61803323Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province ZR2019BF049Project of Shandong Province Higher Educational Science and Technology Program J18KA380
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Since the late 1980s, additive manufacturing (AM), commonly known as three-dimensional (3D) printing, has been gradually popularized. However, the microstructures fabricated using 3D printing is static. To overcome this challenge, four-dimensional (4D) printing which defined as fabricating a complex spontaneous structure that changes with time respond in an intended manner to external stimuli. 4D printing originates in 3D printing, but beyond 3D printing. Although 4D printing is mainly based on 3D printing and become an branch of additive manufacturing, the fabricated objects are no longer static and can be transformed into complex structures by changing the size, shape, property and functionality under external stimuli, which makes 3D printing alive. Herein, recent major progresses in 4D printing are reviewed, including AM technologies for 4D printing, stimulation method, materials and applications. In addition, the current challenges and future prospects of 4D printing were highlighted.

Indexed as

additive manufacturingfour-dimensional (4D) printingshape memory polymersmart materials

Identifiers

PMID32842588
PMCPMC7570144

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.