ArticleJournal of travel medicine2020
Strategies at points of entry to reduce importation risk of COVID-19 cases and reopen travel.
Article in Journal of travel medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Public health effects of travel-related policies on the COVID-19 pandemic: A mixed-methods systematic review.The Journal of infection · 2021Pooled it
- The incubation period of COVID-19: a global meta-analysis of 53 studies and a Chinese observation study of 11 545 patients.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2021Pooled it
- International travel-related control measures to contain the COVID-19 pandemic: a rapid review.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Good Practices for Managing Acute Respiratory Viral Infections at Aerial Entry Points: A Scoping Review.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2026Article
- The Risk from Reopening International Travel During a Disease X Pandemic: A Case Study of SARS-CoV-2.Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis · 2026Article
- The use of quarantine as an international travel measure during the COVID-19 pandemic: A comparative analysis of implementation and equity impacts in five "exemplar" countries.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of Point of Entry Health Screening Measures among Travelers in the Detection and Containment of the International Spread of COVID-19: A Review of the Evidence.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Review
- A comparative study of eight COVID-19 protective measures and their impact on Swiss tourists' travel intentions.Tourism management · 2023Article
- Modeling social, economic, and health perspectives for optimal pandemic policy decision-making.Socio-economic planning sciences · 2023Article
- Quantitative Framework for Establishing Low-Risk Inter-District Travel Corridors During COVID-19.Transportation research record · 2023Article
- Lessons from the Lab: SARS-CoV-2 Detection Rate amongst the Vaccinated Travel Lane and Non-Vaccinated Travel Lane Travellers into Malaysia.The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS · 2023Article
- The impact of earlier reopening to travel in the Western Pacific on SARS-CoV-2 transmission.IJID regions · 2023Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Prevalence on and Incidence after Arrival in Travelers on Direct Flights from Cape Town, South Africa to Munich, Germany Shortly after Occurrence of the Omicron Variant in November/December 2021: Results from the OMTRAIR Study.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Cost benefit analysis of alternative testing and quarantine policies for travelers for infection control: A case study of Singapore during the COVID-19 pandemic.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- COVID-19 Amongst Travelers at Points of Entry in Nepal: Screening, Testing, Diagnosis and Isolation Practices.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2022Article
- A measure to estimate the risk of imported COVID-19 cases and its application for evaluating travel-related control measures.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Navigating travel in Europe during the pandemic: from mobile apps, certificates and quarantine to traffic-light system.Journal of travel medicine · 2022Article
- A pre-symptomatic incubation model for precision strategies of screening, quarantine, and isolation based on imported COVID-19 cases in Taiwan.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Exit strategies from lockdowns due to COVID-19: a scoping review.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Diagnostics for COVID-19: moving from pandemic response to control.Lancet (London, England) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWith more countries exiting lockdown, public health safety requires screening measures at international travel entry points that can prevent the reintroduction or importation of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2. Here, we estimate the number of cases captured, quarantining days averted and secondary cases expected to occur with screening interventions.
methodsTo estimate active case exportation risk from 153 countries with recorded coronavirus disease-2019 cases and deaths, we created a simple data-driven framework to calculate the number of infectious and upcoming infectious individuals out of 100 000 000 potential travellers from each country, and assessed six importation risk reduction strategies; Strategy 1 (S1) has no screening on entry, S2 tests all travellers and isolates test-positives where those who test negative at 7 days are permitted entry, S3 the equivalent but for a 14 day period, S4 quarantines all travellers for 7 days where all are subsequently permitted entry, S5 the equivalent for 14 days and S6 the testing of all travellers and prevention of entry for those who test positive.
resultsThe average reduction in case importation across countries relative to S1 is 90.2% for S2, 91.7% for S3, 55.4% for S4, 91.2% for S5 and 77.2% for S6. An average of 79.6% of infected travellers are infectious upon arrival. For the top 100 exporting countries, an 88.2% average reduction in secondary cases is expected through S2 with the 7-day isolation of test-positives, increasing to 92.1% for S3 for 14-day isolation. A substantially smaller reduction of 30.0% is expected for 7-day all traveller quarantining, increasing to 84.3% for 14-day all traveller quarantining.
conclusionsThe testing and isolation of test-positives should be implemented provided good testing practices are in place. If testing is not feasible, quarantining for a minimum of 14 days is recommended with strict adherence measures in place.
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