ArticlePloS one2020
Flatfoot and associated factors among Ethiopian school children aged 11 to 15 years: A school-based study.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Complications of calcaneo-stop procedure in pediatric flexible flatfoot: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of pediatric orthopedics. Part B · 2026Pooled it
- Risk Factors of Flatfoot in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- The Burden of Lower Limb Deformities in Low- and Lower-Middle-Income Countries: A Scoping Review.Journal of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America · 2026Review
- School-based screening for scoliosis and foot biomechanical abnormalities: a study of prevalence, plantar pressure, and gait among adolescents in Haidian District, Beijing.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Body mass index is positively associated with flatfoot and inversely associated with hindfoot valgus in school-aged children: a cross-sectional analysis of 3,292 screening records.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Prevalence of Flat Foot in South Indian School Going Children and Concordance between Stahelis Plantar Arch Index, Chippaux Smirak Index and Denis Foot Print Grade in Diagnosing Flat Foot.Indian journal of orthopaedics · 2025Article
- Association between pediatric obesity and foot morphology: insights from a large-scale cross-sectional study using photogrammetry.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Prevalence of flatfoot and gender differences in plantar pressure among third-year high school students in Tongzhou district Beijing.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Article
- Prevalence and modifiable risk factors for pediatric flatfoot among schoolchildren in Kunming and Kandahar: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Article
- Prevalence of flatfoot and analysis of plantar pressure distribution in adolescents based on body mass index: a regional study.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2024Article
- The Relationship between Self-Rated Health and Physical Fitness in Polish Youth.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Magnitude of flat foot and its associated factors among school-aged children in Southern Ethiopia: an institution-based cross-sectional study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2023Article
- Podiatric Skin and Nail Involvement and Biomechanical Pathology in Renal Transplant Recipients: Assessment of the Foot as a Contributing Factor to Their Health.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Are flat feet a disadvantage in performing unilateral and bilateral explosive power and dynamic balance tests in boys? A school-based study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2023Article
- The burden, prevention and care of infants and children with congenital anomalies in sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Characteristics of paediatric foot arches according to body mass among primary school students in Wrocław, Poland.BMC pediatrics · 2022Article
- The Role of Arthroereisis in Improving Sports Performance, Foot Aesthetics and Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents with Flexible Flatfoot.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Assessment of the Foot's Longitudinal Arch by Different Indicators and Their Correlation with the Foot Loading Paradigm in School-Aged Children: A Cross Sectional Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Short foot exercises for flatfoot therapy: Status and prospects.Science progressReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe Foot health of a child plays a pivotal role in their participation in play, locomotive activities, healthy lifestyle, somatic development, and weight management. The burden of flatfoot among children in Ethiopia is not known. The objective of this study was to analyze the structure of the medial foot arch using Staheli plantar arch index and investigate its associated factors among larger sample school children, aged 11-15 years in Ethiopia.
methodsA school-based cross-sectional study was conducted among children aged 11-15 years from eleven randomly selected primary schools. The sample size was determined proportionally across school strength and governmental and private schools to ensure variety within the sample. Data collection consisted of physical measurements, footprint-based measures whilst full weight-bearing, and a structured questionnaire on foot pain, footwear type, and physical activity. Data were analyzed descriptively and through uni- and multivariate logistic regression model.
resultsA total of 823 children participated. The overall prevalence of flatfoot was 17.6% with a significant difference between age, gender, type of school, BMI, and type of footwear. Being younger (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.6-6.7), male (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.0-2.4), experiencing foot pain (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.0-3.5), wearing closed shoe (OR 4.4, 95% CI 1.6-11.9), overweight (OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.2-8.7), obese (OR 4.2, 95% CI 2.5-10.9), and low level of physical activity (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.0-4.6) were significantly associated with flatfoot. Children who were overweight, obese, and also experiencing foot pain have a 2.8 (95% CI 1.62-5.94) and 4.1 (95% CI 2.85-8.31) times greater chance of having flatfoot respectively. The prevalence of flatfoot among 560 normal weight children was 17.5%.
conclusionsThe findings of this study demonstrated that the overall prevalence and the prevalence of flatfoot among normal-weight children are almost the same. There is a definite need to develop a screening algorithm for diagnosis and treatment indication for this children's lower extremity disorder.
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