ReviewAnnals of medicine2021
Important role of microglia in HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorders and the molecular pathways implicated in its pathogenesis.
Review in Annals of medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 91 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
91 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 148 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations Between Depressive Symptoms and Memory Functions in Persons with HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Neuropsychology review · 2026Pooled it
- Mechanisms and treatments of methamphetamine and HIV-1 co-induced neurotoxicity: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Synthetic viral RNA mimetics induce neuronal loss through microglial phagocytosis.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Article
- Implications of HIV persistence and pathogenesis in microglia.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2026Review
- Linking neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration to cognitive decline in HIV.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Hydrogen Sulfide Rescues Microglia From HIV Tat-Driven Ferroptosis: Implications for HIV-Associated Neuroinflammation.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Transcriptomic Profiling Identifies TALAM1 and LINC00702 as HIV-1-Responsive lncRNAs in Microglia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Neuroinflammation and NeuroHIV: understanding the role of HIV-1 related factors in microglial activation.Translational psychiatry · 2026Review
- Interferon-induced protein IFIT3 as a molecular nexus of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Comorbid HIV and Cocaine Use Exacerbate Accelerated Brain Aging.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Mechanistic insights into the impact of prenatal viral infections on maternal and offspring immunity.Npj viruses · 2026Review
- Apolipoprotein E drives microglia activation in the development of autoimmune uveitis through up-regulation of peptidyl prolyl isomerase F.Science advances · 2026Article
- Neuroinflammatory and Neurodegenerative Roles of HIV-1 Tat: A Review of Recent Evidence.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- The prefrontal cortex as a target of HIV-1 neurotoxicity: molecular mechanisms of viral protein-mediated neurodegeneration and executive dysfunction.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Review
- HIV-1 Tat Protein Exposure Alters the Morphological Characteristics and Gene Expression in the Primary Mouse Cortex Endothelial Cells and Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- HIV-Induced Apoptosis: Host Defense and Viral Strategy.Biology · 2025Review
- HIV-1 Tat protein exposure alters the morphological characteristics and gene expression in the primary mouse cortex endothelial cells and human brain microvascular endothelial cells.Research square · 2025Article
- Proof-of-concept study on Bruch's membrane opening minimum rim width (BMO-MRW) and optic nerve head morphology in people living with HIV.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Unraveling the complexities of neurotropic virus infection and immune evasion.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
- Opioid-induced immunosuppression of brain myeloid cells in SIV-infected rhesus macaques.Research square · 2025Article
31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The development of effective combined anti-retroviral therapy (cART) led to a significant reduction in the death rate associated with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. However, recent studies indicate that considerably more than 50% of all HIV-1 infected patients develop HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). Microglia are the foremost cells infected by HIV-1 in the central nervous system (CNS), and so, are also likely to contribute to the neurotoxicity observed in HAND. The activation of microglia induces the release of pro-inflammatory markers and altered secretion of cytokines, chemokines, secondary messengers, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) which activate signalling pathways that initiate neuroinflammation. In turn, ROS and inflammation also play critical roles in HAND. However, more efforts are required to understand the physiology of microglia and the processes involved in their activation in order to better understand the how HIV-1-infected microglia are involved in the development of HAND. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge about the involvement of oxidative stress mechanisms and role of HIV-induced ROS in the development of HAND. We also examine the academic literature regarding crucial HIV-1 pathogenicity factors implicated in neurotoxicity and inflammation in order to identify molecular pathways that could serve as potential therapeutic targets for treatment of this disease. KEY MESSAGES Neuroinflammation and excitotoxicity mechanisms are crucial in the pathogenesis of HAND. CNS infiltration by HIV-1 and immune cells through the blood brain barrier is a key process involved in the pathogenicity of HAND. Factors including calcium dysregulation and autophagy are the main challenges involved in HAND.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.