Observational studyAddiction (Abingdon, England)2021
Association of vaping-related lung injuries with rates of e-cigarette and cannabis use across US states.
Observational study in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vaping cessation interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Tobacco control · 2026Pooled it
- E-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury without pulmonary symptoms: A case report and literature review.Medicine · 2026Review
- Fatal E-cigarette or Vaping Product Use-associated Lung Injury Secondary toOman medical journal · 2025Article
- College health providers' knowledge and confidence in addressing students' vaping: Evidence from a pilot study in New York State.PEC innovation · 2023Article
- Exposure to Negative News Stories About Vaping, and Harm Perceptions of Vaping, Among Youth in England, Canada, and the United States Before and After the Outbreak of E-cigarette or Vaping-Associated Lung Injury ('EVALI').Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Article
- Compulsive exercise and vaping among a sample of U.S. College students aged 18-26 years.Eating and weight disorders : EWD · 2022Article
- Considerations for Cannabinoids in Perioperative Care by Anesthesiologists.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- The inverse association of state cannabis vaping prevalence with the e-cigarette or vaping product-use associated lung injury.PloS one · 2022Article
- Vaping-associated lung illness (VALI) in Canada: a descriptive analysis of VALI cases reported from September 2019 to December 2020.Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice · 2022Article
- E-cigarette-associated Severe Pneumonia in Korea Using Data Linkage between the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2013-2019) and the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) Claims Database.Journal of Korean medical science · 2021Article
- State marijuana policies and vaping associated lung injuries in the US.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Article
- The chemistry and toxicology of vaping.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2021Review
- Vaping-Related Mobile Apps Available in the Google Play Store After the Apple Ban: Content Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsResponses to the 2019 US outbreak of 'e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury' (EVALI) ranged from temporary restrictions on nicotine e-cigarette sales to critiques of state cannabis policies. However, if either mass-marketed nicotine e-cigarettes or cannabis use per se drove this outbreak, as opposed to an additive in regionally available black-market e-liquids, states' rates of vaping and/or cannabis use should predict their EVALI prevalence. This study tests that relationship.
designObservational study of EVALI data from US states' health departments
settingUnited States.
participantsAll US states (n = 50). MEASUREMENTS: The outcome of interest was each state's total EVALI cases per 12-64-year-old resident-an age group covering most EVALI patients-as reported in the second week of January 2020. Predictors are 2017-18 rates of adult e-cigarette use and past-month cannabis use by state.
findingsThe average state EVALI prevalence was 1.4 cases per 100 000 12-64-year-olds. Maps suggest a high-prevalence cluster comprising seven contiguous states in the northern Midwest. EVALI cases per capita were negatively associated with rates of vaping and past-month cannabis use, with the preferred specification's coefficients at -0.239 [95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.441, -0.037; P = 0.02] and -0.086 (95% CI = -0.141, -0.031; P = 0.003), respectively. Robustness checks supported this finding.
conclusionsIn the United States, states with higher rates of e-cigarette and cannabis use prior to the 2019 'e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury' (EVALI) outbreak had lower EVALI prevalence. These results suggest that EVALI cases did not arise from e-cigarette or cannabis use per se, but rather from locally distributed e-liquids or additives most prevalent in the affected areas.
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Registered trials
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