ArticleJournal of bioethical inquiry2020
In the Shadow of Biological Warfare: Conspiracy Theories on the Origins of COVID-19 and Enhancing Global Governance of Biosafety as a Matter of Urgency.
Article in Journal of bioethical inquiry, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Antecedents and consequences of COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs: A systematic review.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2022Pooled it
- Integrating biosafety into medical microbiology education: student awareness, experiences, and teaching preferences.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Fake news detection: state-of-the-art review and advances with attention to Arabic language aspects.PeerJ. Computer science · 2025Review
- Legacy and impact of the 1925 Geneva Protocol: one hundred years of treaties and debates on chemical and biological weapons.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Establishing a national biosafety and biosecurity agency for the United States.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Perceptions of COVID-19 origins and China's wildlife policy reforms.Global ecology and conservation · 2023Article
- Public Opinion Manipulation on Social Media: Social Network Analysis of Twitter Bots during the COVID-19 Pandemic.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- SARS-CoV-2 variants and vulnerability at the global level.Journal of medical virology · 2022Review
- Replicating Viral Vector-Based Vaccines for COVID-19: Potential Avenue in Vaccination Arena.Viruses · 2022Review
- The Global Regulation of "Fake News" in the Time of Oxymora: Facts and Fictions about the Covid-19 Pandemic as Coincidences or Predictive Programming?International journal for the semiotics of law = Revue internationale de semiotique juridique · 2022Article
- Fighting a war without weapons? Lessons from the COVID-19 outbreak.World medical & health policy · 2021Article
- Community's misconception about COVID-19 and its associated factors in Satkhira, Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2021Article
- SARS-CoV-2: International Investigation Under the WHO or BWC.Frontiers in public health · 2021Article
- COVID-19 Information Sources and Misinformation by Faith Community.Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financingArticle
- COVID-19 Conspiracy Theories Discussion on Twitter.Social media + societyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Two theories on the origins of COVID-19 have been widely circulating in China and the West respectively, one blaming the United States and the other a highest-level biocontainment laboratory in Wuhan, the initial epicentre of the pandemic. Both theories make claims of biological warfare attempts. According to the available scientific evidence, these claims are groundless. However, like the episodes of biological warfare during the mid-twentieth century, the spread of these present-day conspiracy theories reflects a series of longstanding and damaging trends in the international scene which include deep mistrust, animosities, the power of ideologies such as nationalism, and the sacrifice of truth in propaganda campaigns. Also, the threats associated with biological warfare, bioterrorism, and the accidental leakage of deadly viruses from labs are real and growing. Thus, developing a better global governance of biosafety and biosecurity than exists at present is an urgent imperative for the international community in the broader context of a looming Cold War II. For such a governance, an ethical framework is proposed based upon the triple ethical values of transparency, trust, and the common good of humanity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.