ReviewJournal of gastrointestinal cancer2020
Microvascular Venous Invasion in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Why Do Recurrences Occur?
Review in Journal of gastrointestinal cancer, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed.
- Prognostic and therapeutic significance of microscopic tumor focus in combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma: a multicenter pathological study.Journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2026Article
- Preoperative prediction of microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma ≤5 cm based on contrast-enhanced ultrasound features and LI-RADS categorization: a multicenter study.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Artificial intelligence-based prognostic modeling of immunoradiotherapy in Barcelona clinic liver cancer stage C hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicenter retrospective study.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- China Liver Cancer Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2024 Edition).Liver cancer · 2025Article
- Current knowledge about immunotherapy response after liver transplantation of patients with liver cancer.Journal of liver transplantation · 2025Article
- Model Construction for Predicting Preoperative Microvascular Invasion of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Gadoxetic Acid Disodium-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Combined with Serology.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2025Article
- Prediction early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy using gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI and IVIM.European journal of radiology open · 2025Article
- Comparison of initial treatments for resectable hepatocellular carcinoma within Milan criteria: an observational study based on a nationwide survey.Annals of surgical treatment and research · 2025Article
- Prognostic nomogram based on coagulation for individualized prediction after radical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Microvascular invasion and early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after CT-guided radiofrequency ablation: risk factor analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Article
- Advances in Understanding Hepatocellular Carcinoma Vasculature: Implications for Diagnosis, Prognostication, and Treatment.Korean journal of radiology · 2024Review
- Article
- Clinical Nomogram Model for Pre-Operative Prediction of Microvascular Invasion of Hepatocellular Carcinoma before Hepatectomy.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Detecting microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma using the impeded diffusion fraction technique to sense macromolecular coordinated water.Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2024Article
- The Enhanced Role of Eosinophils in Radiomics-Based Diagnosis of Microvascular Invasion and Its Association with the Immune Microenvironment in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2024Article
- A Grading System of Microvascular Invasion for Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Undergoing Liver Resection with Curative Intent: A Multicenter Study.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2024Article
- Effect of anatomical liver resection on early postoperative recurrence in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma assessed based on a nomogram: a single-center study in China.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Roles and Molecular Mechanisms of Biomarkers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Microvascular Invasion: A Review.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2023Review
- Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Liver Cancer (2022 Edition).Liver cancer · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeHepatocellular carcinoma is the most common primary cancer of the liver. It is almost always associated with cirrhosis and it is usually diagnosed in later stages of the disease. Furthermore, recurrence rate following liver transplantation ranges between 15 and 30%. The most important factor determining the recurrence is vascular invasion.
methodsIn this review, the issue of microvascular invasion causing hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence is reviewed. Macroscopic vascular invasion is almost easy to diagnose on radiologic evaluation. However, microscopic vascular invasion is almost always diagnosed with pathologic evaluation. On the other hand, microscopic vascular invasion is associated with early recurrences and reduced disease-free survival. The type of vessel that is invaded determines the nature of the spread of the tumor cells. Invasion of the hepatic venous tributaries leads to systemic metastasis whereas portal venous invasions lead to intrahepatic spread of the tumor. Microscopic vascular invasion should be diagnosed before liver transplantation or liver resection in order to deliver the appropriate therapy to the patients.
resultsYet, there is no ideal marker to suggest microscopic vascular invasion before any intervention. Markers such as alpha-fetoprotein, des carboxy prothrombin, or gamma-glutamyl transferase have been found to be correlated with microscopic vascular invasion. These parameters are not very efficient to be used in routine clinical practice.
conclusionTherefore, further research is needed to define ideal marker associated with microscopic vascular invasion.
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