ReviewCurrent diabetes reports2020
Early Onset of Autoimmune Diabetes in Children with Down Syndrome-Two Separate Aetiologies or an Immune System Pre-Programmed for Autoimmunity?
Review in Current diabetes reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Rheumatologic and Autoimmune Features of Inborn Errors of Immunity: Implications for Diagnosis and Management.Journal of human immunity · 2025Article
- Trisomy 21 and Congenital Heart Disease: Impact on Health and Functional Outcomes From Birth Through Adolescence: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Review
- Down Syndrome and Autoimmune Disease.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2024Review
- Endocrine, auxological and metabolic profile in children and adolescents with Down syndrome: from infancy to the first steps into adult life.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- Thyroid function, sensitivity to thyroid hormones, and metabolic syndrome in euthyroid children and adolescents with Down syndrome.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2023Article
- Increased levels of anti-BSA antibodies in children with Down syndrome.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Review
- Endocrinal dysfunction in children with Down syndrome.Annals of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism · 2022Article
- Review
- Thymus and autoimmunity.Seminars in immunopathology · 2021Review
- Interferon-Driven Immune Dysregulation in Down Syndrome: A Review of the Evidence.Journal of inflammation research · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purpose of reviewAn increased frequency of autoimmunity in children with Down syndrome (DS) is well described but few studies have investigated the underlying mechanisms. Recent immune system investigation of individuals with DS may shed light on the increased risk of autoimmune conditions including type 1 diabetes. RECENT
findingsDiagnosis of type 1 diabetes is accelerated in children with DS with 17% diagnosed at, or under, the age of 2 years compared with only 4% in the same age group in the general population. Counterintuitively, children with DS and diabetes have less human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-mediated susceptibility than age-matched children with autoimmune diabetes from the general population. Early onset of diabetes in DS is further highlighted by the recent description of neonatal cases of diabetes which is autoimmune but not HLA associated. There are two potential explanations for this accelerated onset: (1) an additional chromosome 21 increases the genetic and immunological risk of autoimmune diabetes or (2) there are two separate aetiologies in children with DS and diabetes. Autoimmunity in DS is an under-investigated area. In this review, we will draw on recent mechanistic studies in individuals with DS which shed some light on the increased risk of autoimmunity in children with DS and consider the current support for and against two aetiologies underlying diabetes in children with DS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.