ReviewNature reviews. Immunology2021
Lactate modulation of immune responses in inflammatory versus tumour microenvironments.
Review in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 538 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
538 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 860 citations in OpenAlex.
- Peripheral Blood Leukocyte Ratios as Novel Biomarkers in Brain Glioma: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Molecular mechanisms and targeted therapeutic strategies for glycolytic reprogramming in osteosarcoma.Genes & diseases · 2027Review
- Gut microbiota and immunometabolism in obesity.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Lactate in acute kidney injury: pathobiology, risk stratification, and clinical interpretation.Renal failure · 2026Review
- CD112 Lactylation Drives Dual Immune Evasion From CD8+ T Cells and NK Cells.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Immune-epigenetic convergence in biomaterial-guided tissue regeneration.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Metabolic switch: lymphocytes and the onset of T-cell-mediated autoimmunity.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Review
- Bioenergetic Materials for Tissue Regeneration: Modulating Metabolism to Promote Cellular Anabolism.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Heterogeneity in cancer: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Clinical Value of an LDH-CA125-NLR Panel for Diagnosis, Platinum Resistance, and Prognostic Assessment in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Article
- Current landscape and future directions of neoantigen vaccines: A new era of personalized cancer immunotherapy.Innovation (Cambridge (Mass.)) · 2026Review
- Lactate as a Potential Exercise-Induced Signaling Molecule: Implications for Immunometabolic Adaptation Following HIIT.Muscles (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics reveal lactate-active epithelial-immune cell crosstalk that reprograms the immune microenvironment in colorectal cancer.Translational oncology · 2026Article
- Histone deacetylases in cancer metabolic reprogramming.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- IL-6 enhances oral squamous cell carcinoma progression associated with JAK2/STAT3-dependent regulation of MMP-10.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2026Article
- SMAD7-Associated Glycolytic Regulation Promotes Lactate-Dependent Macrophage Phenotype Modulation in Colorectal Cancer.Cancers · 2026Article
- Construction of a prognostic model using lactylation-related genes for predicting the prognosis of glioma patients.Medicine · 2026Article
- Adaptation of Echinococcus Multilocularis to Oxidative Stress Depends on EmPDK-Mediated Metabolic Reprogramming.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Phototherapy-responsive nanoplatform with hydrogel delivery potentiates immunotherapy and inhibits lung metastasis in osteosarcoma via synergistic glycolysis inhibition and vascular normalization.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- A Lactate-H4K12la-HDAC1 epigenetic axis governs microglial state transitions during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in female mice.Nature communications · 2026Article
478 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The microenvironment in cancerous tissues is immunosuppressive and pro-tumorigenic, whereas the microenvironment of tissues affected by chronic inflammatory disease is pro-inflammatory and anti-resolution. Despite these opposing immunological states, the metabolic states in the tissue microenvironments of cancer and inflammatory diseases are similar: both are hypoxic, show elevated levels of lactate and other metabolic by-products and have low levels of nutrients. In this Review, we describe how the bioavailability of lactate differs in the microenvironments of tumours and inflammatory diseases compared with normal tissues, thus contributing to the establishment of specific immunological states in disease. A clear understanding of the metabolic signature of tumours and inflammatory diseases will enable therapeutic intervention aimed at resetting the bioavailability of metabolites and correcting the dysregulated immunological state, triggering beneficial cytotoxic, inflammatory responses in tumours and immunosuppressive responses in chronic inflammation.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.