ArticleScientific reports2020
Palaeontological evidence reveals convergent evolution of intervertebral joint types in amniotes.
Article in Scientific reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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9 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vertebral microstructure marks the emergence of pelagic ichthyosaurs soon after the End Permian Mass Extinction.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Centres of rotation and osteological constraints on caudal ranges of motion in the sauropod dinosaurRoyal Society open science · 2025Article
- Medusa's gaze: Cell traces and fibrils but no collagen in permineralized Jurassic ichthyosaur bone.iScience · 2025Article
- Origins of mammalian vertebral function revealed through digital bending experiments.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- Nonpathological inflammation drives the development of an avian flight adaptation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Comparative bone histology of two thalattosaurians (Diapsida: Thalattosauria):Swiss journal of palaeontology · 2023Article
- Ontogenetic variation in the skull of Stenopterygius quadriscissus with an emphasis on prenatal development.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- AutoBend: An Automated Approach for Estimating Intervertebral Joint Function from Bone-Only Digital Models.Integrative organismal biology (Oxford, England) · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The intervertebral disc (IVD) has long been considered unique to mammals. Palaeohistological sampling of 17 mostly extinct clades across the amniote tree revealed preservation of different intervertebral soft tissue types (cartilage, probable notochord) seen in extant reptiles. The distribution of the fossilised tissues allowed us to infer the soft part anatomy of the joint. Surprisingly, we also found evidence for an IVD in fossil reptiles, including non-avian dinosaurs, ichthyosaurs, plesiosaurs, and marine crocodiles. Based on the fossil dataset, we traced the evolution of the amniote intervertebral joint through ancestral character state reconstruction. The IVD evolved at least twice, in mammals and in extinct diapsid reptiles. From this reptilian IVD, extant reptile groups and some non-avian dinosaurs independently evolved a synovial ball-and-socket joint. The unique birds dorsal intervertebral joint evolved from this dinosaur joint. The tuatara and some geckos reverted to the ancestral persisting notochord.
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