ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2020
Testosterone and hippocampal trajectories mediate relationship of poverty to emotion dysregulation and depression.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interpersonal early adversity demonstrates dissimilarity from early socioeconomic disadvantage in the course of human brain development: A meta-analysis.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Multisystem Environmental Factors Elucidate Shared and Distinct Associations With Brain and Behavior in Adolescents.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2026Article
- Examination of poverty trajectories and brain volume as predictors of adolescent depression.Journal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence · 2026Article
- Distinct spatial associations of adversity with hippocampal macro- and microstructure in early adolescence.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Individual differences in adolescent cortical development are associated with neighborhood characteristics: Longitudinal findings from the ABCD study.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2026Article
- Maternal Stress Primes Adolescent Stress Susceptibility via Microglial Complement-Dependent Synaptic Phagocytosis.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Hierarchical individual variation and socioeconomic impact on personalized functional network topography in children.BMC medicine · 2024Article
- Environmental and neurodevelopmental contributors to youth mental illness.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Review
- Sex chromosomes and hormones independently influence healthy brain development but act similarly after cranial radiation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- From developmental neuroscience to policy: A novel framework based on participatory research.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2024Review
- Relative brain age is associated with socioeconomic status and anxiety/depression problems in youth.Developmental psychology · 2024Article
- Socioeconomic Disparities in Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Regulation and Prefrontal Cortical Structure.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2024Review
- Childhood socioeconomic status and the pace of structural neurodevelopment: accelerated, delayed, or simply different?Trends in cognitive sciences · 2023Review
- Biobehavioral mechanisms underlying testosterone and mood relationships in peripubertal female adolescents.Development and psychopathology · 2023Article
- Interpersonal early adversity demonstrates dissimilarity from early socioeconomic disadvantage in the course of human brain development: A meta-analysis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- The positive and negative emotion functions related to loneliness: a systematic review of behavioural and neuroimaging studies.Psychoradiology · 2023Review
- Evidence for an adolescent sensitive period to family experiences influencing adult male testosterone production.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Timing and Type of Early Psychopathology Symptoms Predict Longitudinal Change in Cortical Thickness From Middle Childhood Into Early Adolescence.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2022Article
- Early Childhood Socioeconomic Status and Cognitive and Adaptive Outcomes at the Transition to Adulthood: The Mediating Role of Gray Matter Development Across Five Scan Waves.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2022Article
- Timing-specific associations between income-to-needs ratio and hippocampal and amygdala volumes in middle childhood: A preliminary study.Developmental psychobiology · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
There is robust evidence that early poverty is associated with poor developmental outcomes, including impaired emotion regulation and depression. However, the specific mechanisms that mediate this risk are less clear. Here we test the hypothesis that one pathway involves hormone mechanisms (testosterone and DHEA) that contribute to disruption of hippocampal brain development, which in turn contributes to perturbed emotion regulation and subsequent risk for depression. To do so, we used data from 167 children participating in the Preschool Depression Study, a longitudinal study that followed children from preschool (ages 3 to 5 y) to late adolescence, and which includes prospective assessments of poverty in preschool, measures of testosterone, DHEA, and hippocampal volume across school age and adolescence, and measures of emotion regulation and depression in adolescence. Using multilevel modeling and linear regression, we found that early poverty predicted shallower increases of testosterone, but not DHEA, across development, which in turn predicted shallower trajectories of hippocampal development. Further, we found that early poverty predicted both impaired emotion regulation and depression. The relationship between early poverty and self-reported depression in adolescence was explained by serial mediation through testosterone to hippocampus to emotion dysregulation. There were no significant interactions with sex. These results provide evidence about a hormonal pathway by which early poverty may contribute to disrupted brain development and risk for mental health problems later in life. Identification of such pathways provide evidence for potential points of intervention that might help mitigate the impact of early adversity on brain development.
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