ArticleBMC medicine2020
Hyperthyroidism is associated with breast cancer risk and mammographic and genetic risk predictors.
Article in BMC medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- The underexplored links between cancer and the internal body climate: Implications for cancer prevention and treatment.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Benign thyroid disease and the risk of breast cancer: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Thyroid Disease and Breast Cancer Risk in the Sister Study.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026Article
- Thyroid hormones and breast cancer: untangling the association.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Association between Benign Thyroid Disorders and Breast Cancer Risk in Korean Women.Cancer research and treatment · 2026Article
- Autoimmune thyroiditis promotes breast cancer progression: exploratory role of thyroid hormone receptor beta signaling disruption.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Article
- Concomitant medication, comorbidity and survival in patients with breast cancer.Nature communications · 2024Article
- The Influence of Tumor-Specific Markers in Breast Cancer on Other Blood Parameters.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Attaining biochemical euthyroidism early after total thyroidectomy in Graves' disease may lower long-term morbidity risk.BJS open · 2022Article
- Hormonal Crosstalk Between Thyroid and Breast Cancer.Endocrinology · 2022Review
- Thyroid Diseases and Breast Cancer.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Review
- Risk Factors of Synchronous Breast and Thyroid Cancer: a Controlled Multicenter Study and Review of the Literature.Materia socio-medica · 2021Review
- Thyroid dysfunction and breast cancer risk among women in the UK Biobank cohort.Cancer medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDespite the biological link between thyroid hormones and breast cancer cell proliferation shown in experimental studies, little is known about the association between hyperthyroidism and breast cancer, as well as its association with the most common mammographic and genetic risk predictors for breast cancer.
methodsThis study estimates the incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of breast cancer among women diagnosed with hyperthyroidism, compared to those who are not, using two cohorts: a Swedish national cohort of the general female population (n = 3,793,492, 2002-2011) and the Karolinska Mammography Project for Risk Prediction of Breast Cancer (KARMA, n = 69,598, 2002-2017). We used logistic regression to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) of hyperthyroidism according to the mammographic and genetic risk predictors for breast cancer.
resultsAn increased risk of breast cancer was observed in patients in the national cohort with hyperthyroidism (IRR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.12-1.36), particularly for toxic nodular goiter (IRR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.16-1.63). Hyperthyroidism was associated with higher body mass index, early age at first birth, and lower breastfeeding duration. Higher mammographic density was observed in women with toxic nodular goiter, compared to women without hyperthyroidism. Additionally, among genotyped women without breast cancer in the KARMA cohort (N = 11,991), hyperthyroidism was associated with a high polygenic risk score (PRS) for breast cancer overall (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.09-3.60) and for estrogen receptor-positive specific PRS (OR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.04-3.43).
conclusionHyperthyroidism is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, particularly for patients with toxic nodular goiter. The association could be explained by higher mammographic density among these women, as well as pleiotropic genetic variants determining shared hormonal/endocrine factors leading to the pathology of both diseases.
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