ReviewSN comprehensive clinical medicine2020
Ozone (O3) and SARS-CoV-2: Physiological Bases and Their Therapeutic Possibilities According to COVID-19 Evolutionary Stage.
Review in SN comprehensive clinical medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ozone as an adjuvant therapy for COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.International immunopharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- CORonavirus-19 mild to moderate pneumonia Management with blood Ozonization in patients with Respiratory failure (CORMOR) multicentric prospective randomized clinical trial.International immunopharmacology · 2021Trial
- A pilot study for treatment of COVID-19 patients in moderate stage using intravenous administration of ozonized saline as an adjuvant treatment-registered clinical trial.International immunopharmacology · 2021Trial
- Safety and efficacy of ozone therapy in mild to moderate COVID-19 patients: A phase 1/11 randomized control trial (SEOT study).International immunopharmacology · 2021Trial
- Ozone gas applied through nebulization as adjuvant treatment for lung respiratory diseases due to COVID-19 infections: a prospective randomized trial.Medical gas researchTrial
- Clinical Outcomes of Intra-Articular Ozone Injections in Hip Osteoarthritis: A Retrospective Study Comparing Different Injection Frequencies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Cytokine profiles in COVID-19 patients undergoing adjunct ozone therapy: some comments.Inflammopharmacology · 2023Article
- Ozone based inactivation and disinfection in the pandemic time and beyond: Taking forward what has been learned and best practice.The Science of the total environment · 2023Review
- The Mito-Hormetic Mechanisms of Ozone in the Clearance of SARS-CoV2 and in the COVID-19 Therapy.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- An updated overview of recent advances, challenges, and clinical considerations of IL-6 signaling blockade in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).International immunopharmacology · 2022Review
- Effectiveness of ozone therapy in addition to conventional treatment on mortality in patients with COVID-19.International journal of clinical practice · 2021Article
- Emerging role of air pollution and meteorological parameters in COVID-19.Journal of evidence-based medicine · 2021Review
- Prevention of Covid-19 Infection and Related Complications by Ozonized Oils.Journal of personalized medicine · 2021Article
- Recent case studies on the use of ozone to combat coronavirus: Problems and perspectives.Environmental technology & innovation · 2021Article
- Ozone therapy for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia: Preliminary report of a prospective case-control study.International immunopharmacology · 2021Article
- Old Treatment for a New Disease: Can Rectal Ozone Insufflation Be Used for COVID-19 Management? A Case Report.SN comprehensive clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Compassionate Use of Rectal Ozone (OSN comprehensive clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Effect of Rectal Ozone (OSN comprehensive clinical medicine · 2020Article
- Potential therapeutic effect of oxygen-ozone in controlling of COVID-19 disease.Medical gas researchReview
- The role of ozone therapy in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a review.Medical gas researchReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To date, there is no definitive treatment for the new SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Three evolutionary stages in SARS-CoV-2 infection are recognized (early infection, pulmonary phase, and systemic hyper inflammation), with characteristic clinical signs and symptoms. There are 80 international experimental trials underway seeking effective treatment for the COVID-19 pandemic. Of these, there are only three that consider ozone therapy (major auto hemotherapy) as an alternative option. There is no study that evaluates rectal ozone insufflation, despite being a safe, cheap, risk-free technique. That technique is a systemic route of ozone administration (95-96%) and that could be extrapolated to the use of SARS-CoV-2, given the excellent results observed in the management of Ebola. Ozone has four proven biological properties that could allow its use as an alternative therapy in the different phases of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Ozone could inactivate the virus by direct (O3) or indirect oxidation (ROS and LOPs) and could stimulate the cellular and humoral immune systems, being useful in the early COVID-19 infection phase (stages 1 and 2a). Ozone improves gas exchange, reduces inflammation, and modulates the antioxidant system, so it would be useful in the hyper inflammation or "cytokine storm" phase, and in the hypoxemia and/or multi-organ failure phase (stage 2b and stage 3). Given the current pandemic, it is urgent to carry out an experimental study that confirms or rules out the biological properties of ozone and thus allows it to be an alternative or compassionate therapy for the effective management of SARS-Cov-2 infection. The Ethical Committee at our Hospital has authorized the use of this technique for compassionate management of SARS-CoV-2 infection, considering the four biological Ozone properties exposed previously.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.