ArticleMedical journal, Armed Forces India2020
Spectral domain optical coherence tomography-based prevalence of hydroxychloroquine maculopathy in Indian patients on hydroxychloroquine therapy: A utopia of underdiagnosis.
Article in Medical journal, Armed Forces India, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Optical Coherence Tomography and Angiography in Hydroxychloroquine Retinopathy: A Narrative Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Ellipsoid Zone Hyporeflectivity as an Early Sign of Non-Reversible Hydroxychloroquine Retinopathy: A Case Series.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
backgroundSpectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) detects early structural damage to macula in patients on Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) therapy. The current screening protocols emphasize concurrent use of both SD-OCT and Visual field analysis (VFA) which detects functional damage to detect Hydroxychloroquine maculopathy. However, VFA is a time-consuming and subjective test which is often neglected. This study gives the prevalence of Hydroxychloroquine maculopathy using SD-OCT alone which often fails to detect macular damage in peri-foveal and extra-foveal area of the retina.
methodsThree hundred thirty four eyes of 167 patients taking systemic Hydroxychloroquine were studied with SD-OCT macular cube 512 x 128 to diagnose structural macular damage to detect prevalence of Hydroxychloroquine maculopathy.
resultsOut of 167 patients, only four patients showed features suggestive of Hydroxychloroquine maculopathy. One patient had ELM loss, two had para-foveal and one had peri-foveal IS-OS disruption. The SD-OCT gave prevalence as 2.4%.
conclusionSD-OCT alone can underdiagnose burden of Hydroxychloroquine maculopathy (prevalence = 2.4%) when compared to studies which use both SD-OCT and Visual field analysis (prevalence = 7.5%).
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