ArticleGeographical analysis2021
A Spatio-Temporal Analysis of the Environmental Correlates of COVID-19 Incidence in Spain.
Article in Geographical analysis, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 135 citations in OpenAlex.
- Spatio-Temporal COVID-19 Modeling: A Global Systematic Review of Data Integration, Equity, and Lessons for Pandemic Preparedness.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Pooled it
- Applications of GIS and geospatial analyses in COVID-19 research: A systematic review.F1000Research · 2020Pooled it
- Spatio-temporal modelling of COVID-19 infection and associated risk factors in Dakar, Senegal.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Exploring Spatially Varying Associations of COVID-19 Rates with Contextual Socioeconomic, Health, and Environmental Factors under Partial Population Coverage of Vaccination: A Retrospective Ecological Study in Georgia, USA.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2025Article
- Estimation of the Real Incidence of a Contagious Disease Through a Bayesian Multilevel Model: Study of COVID-19 in Spanish Provinces.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Review
- A mixture of mobility and meteorological data provides a high correlation with COVID-19 growth in an infection-naive population: a study for Spanish provinces.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Well-being implications of immobility during COVID-19: evidence from a student sample in Bangladesh using the satisfaction with life scale.Transportation · 2023Article
- Spatial relationship between COVID-19 and previous infectious disease outbreaks: Evidence from South Korea.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Geographical Distribution and Social Justice of the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Case of Palma (Balearic Islands).GeoHealth · 2023Article
- Seasonal Variation and Geographical Distribution of COVID-19 across Nigeria (March 2020-July 2021).Vaccines · 2023Article
- Correlation between UV Index, Temperature and Humidity with Respect to Incidence and Severity of COVID 19 in Spain.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Observational
- The impact of built and socio-economic environment factors on Covid-19 transmission at the ZIP-code level in Florida.Journal of environmental management · 2023Article
- Article
- Review
- What are the Effects of Climate Variables on COVID-19 Pandemic? A Systematic Review and Current Update.Advanced biomedical research · 2023Review
- Do regionally targeted lockdowns alter movement to non-lockdown regions? Evidence from Ontario, Canada.Health & place · 2023Article
- A high level of vaccine knowledge increases people's behavioral risks for contracting COVID-19 in Japan.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2022Article
- Article
- Spatio-temporal distribution pattern of COVID-19 in the Northern Italy during the first-wave scenario: The role of the highway network.Transportation research interdisciplinary perspectives · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The novel SARS-CoV2 has disrupted health systems and the economy, and public health interventions to slow its spread have been costly. How and when to ease restrictions to movement hinges in part on whether SARS-CoV2 will display seasonality due to variations in temperature, humidity, and hours of sunshine. Here, we address this question by means of a spatio-temporal analysis in Spain of the incidence of COVID-19, the disease caused by the virus. Use of spatial Seemingly Unrelated Regressions (SUR) allows us to model the incidence of reported cases of the disease per 100,000 population as an interregional contagion process, in addition to a function of temperature, humidity, and sunshine. In the analysis we also control for GDP per capita, percentage of older adults in the population, population density, and presence of mass transit systems. The results support the hypothesis that incidence of the disease is lower at higher temperatures and higher levels of humidity. Sunshine, in contrast, displays a positive association with incidence of the disease. Our control variables also yield interesting insights. Higher incidence is associated with higher GDP per capita and presence of mass transit systems in the province; in contrast, population density and percentage of older adults display negative associations with incidence of COVID-19.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.