Trial reportThe Journal of clinical investigation2020
SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses and correlations with COVID-19 patient predisposition.
Trial report in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 147 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
147 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 219 citations in OpenAlex.
- Add-on effect of Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
- A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of IL-7 in critically ill patients with COVID-19.JCI insight · 2025Trial
- Role of SARS-CoV-2-specific memory B cells promoting immune protection after booster vaccination in solid organ transplantation.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Trial
- Identifying SARS-CoV-2 'memory' NK cells from COVID-19 convalescent donors for adoptive cell therapy.Immunology · 2022Trial
- Relationship of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4 response to COVID-19 severity and impact of HIV-1 and tuberculosis coinfection.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2021Trial
- Upregulation of CCR4 in activated CD8European journal of immunology · 2021Trial
- Efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Covid-19 Vaccine against the B.1.351 Variant.The New England journal of medicine · 2021Trial
- SARS-CoV-2-Seronegative Subjects Target CTL Epitopes in the SARS-CoV-2 Nucleoprotein Cross-Reactive to Common Cold Coronaviruses.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Trial
- Healthy donor T cell responses to common cold coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2020Trial
- Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Respond to SARS-CoV-2 Peptides and Exhibit Altered T-Cell Regulatory Capacity.Cells · 2026Article
- Whole-Body Cryotherapy at -90 °C for 9 Weeks: Effects on Immune Function, Stress, and Immune-Related and Vascular Blood Parameters in Healthy Adults-Results of an Exploratory One-Armed Pilot Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- The genetic basis of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in the Italian municipality of Vo'.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Attenuated SARS-CoV-2-Specific T Cell Responses Are Associated with T Follicular Helper Cell Expansion in Treatment-Naive Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Modeling Antibody Kinetics Post-mRNA Booster Vaccination and Protection Durations Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Journal of medical virology · 2025Article
- Article
- Long-term immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4/5 mRNA booster in people living with HIV.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Host-microbe multiomic profiling identifies distinct COVID-19 immune dysregulation in solid organ transplant recipients.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Effect of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors on time to nucleic acid negative conversion in hypertensive patients with SARS-CoV-2 omicron infection: a propensity score matching study.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2025Observational
- Lung-resident SARS-CoV-2 peptide-specific immune responses in perfused 3D human lung explant models.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Identifying T-cell clubs by embracing the local harmony between TCR and gene expressions.Molecular systems biology · 2024Article
87 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). So far, viral targets of cellular immunity and factors determining successful mounting of T cell responses are poorly defined. We therefore analyzed cellular responses to membrane, nucleocapsid, and spike proteins in individuals suffering from moderate or severe infection and in individuals who recovered from mild disease. We demonstrate that the CoV-2-specific CD4+ T helper cell response is directed against all 3 proteins with comparable magnitude, ex vivo proliferation, and portions of responding patients. However, individuals who died were more likely to have not mounted a cellular response to the proteins. Higher patient age and comorbidity index correlated with increased frequencies of CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cells, harboring higher portions of IL-2-secreting, but lower portions of IFN-γ-secreting, cells. Diminished frequencies of membrane protein-reactive IFN-γ+ T cells were particularly associated with higher acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II scores in patients admitted to intensive care. CoV-2-specific T cells exhibited elevated PD-1 expression in patients with active disease as compared with those individuals who recovered from previous mild disease. In summary, our data suggest a link between individual patient predisposition with respect to age and comorbidity and impairment of CoV-2-specific Th1-type cellular immunity, thereby supporting a concept of altered T cell function in at-risk patients.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.