ArticleThe Gerontologist2021
Educational Benefits and Cognitive Health Life Expectancies: Racial/Ethnic, Nativity, and Gender Disparities.
Article in The Gerontologist, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role Status Changes During Emerging Adulthood and Their Association with Substance Use, Mental Health, and Well-Being Outcomes over a 4-Year Period.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2026Article
- A comparison of dementia-free life expectancy estimates across competing algorithmic classifications: new knowledge and considerations from the health and retirement study.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026Article
- Cognitive difficulties among middle-aged and older Latino adults: within-group variation across U.S. states.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026Article
- Is social connection the key to prevention? Educational attainment, incident dementia, and the role of later-life social engagement.Innovation in aging · 2026Article
- Offspring education and parents' cognitive health: nativity differences among older Hispanic adults.The Gerontologist · 2025Article
- High School Curricular Rigor and Cognitive Function among White Older Adults.Journal of health and social behavior · 2025Article
- Disparities in the Life Course Origins of Dual Functionality.Journal of health and social behavior · 2025Article
- The Relationship Between Grip Strength and Cognitive Impairment: Evidence From NHANES 2011-2014.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Educational attainment and male-female health-survival paradox among older adults in China: a nationally representative longitudinal study.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Cognitive Performance of Latino and White Non-Latino Individuals With Parkinson's Disease.The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2025Article
- A Lack of Food for Thought: Midlife Food Insecurity and Its Association With Subsequent Cognitive Ability of Older Americans.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2024Article
- The role of Southern context in shaping life course exposures linked to dementia incidence for Black and White older adults in the United States.BMC geriatrics · 2024Article
- Geographic disparities in Alzheimer's disease and related dementia mortality in the US: Comparing impacts of place of birth and place of residence.SSM - population health · 2024Article
- Educational Inequalities in Dual-Function Life Expectancy.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2024Article
- Intersectional Effects of Race and Educational Attainment on Memory Function of Middle-Aged and Older Adults With Alzheimer's Disease.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Article
- Dual Functionality in Later Life.The Gerontologist · 2023Article
- Racial-Ethnic Disparities in Dual-Function Life Expectancy.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2023Article
- Cognitive differences across ethnoracial category, socioeconomic status across the Alzheimer's disease spectrum: Can an ability discrepancy score level the playing field?Memory & cognition · 2023Article
- Caregiving for Foreign-Born Older Adults With Dementia.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2023Article
- Cognitive Impairment and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Take-Up Among the Eligible Older Americans.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesTo examine racial/ethnic, nativity, and gender differences in the benefits of educational attainment on cognitive health life expectancies among older adults in the United States. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsWe used data from the Health and Retirement Study (1998-2014) to estimate Sullivan-based life tables of cognitively healthy, cognitively impaired/no dementia, and dementia life expectancies by gender for older White, Black, U.S.-born Hispanic, and foreign-born Hispanic adults with less than high school, high school, and some college or more.
resultsWhite respondents lived a greater percentage of their remaining lives cognitively healthy than their minority Black or Hispanic counterparts, regardless of level of education. Among respondents with some college or more, versus less than high school, Black and U.S.-born Hispanic women exhibited the greatest increase (both 37 percentage points higher) in the proportion of total life expectancy spent cognitively healthy; whereas White women had the smallest increase (17 percentage points higher). For men, the difference between respondents with some college or more, versus less than high school, was greatest for Black men (35 percentage points higher) and was lowest for U.S.-born Hispanic men (21 percentage points higher). DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Our results provide evidence that the benefits of education on cognitive health life expectancies are largest for Black men and women and U.S.-born Hispanic women. The combination of extended longevity and rising prevalence of Alzheimer's disease points to the need for understanding why certain individuals spend an extended period of their lives with poor cognitive health.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.