ArticleEnvironmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.)2020
Toenail metal concentrations and age at menopause: A prospective study.
Article in Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chromium as a Risk Factor for Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2022Pooled it
- Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, perceived stress, and miscarriage risk in a cohort of US Black women.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2026Article
- Body mass index and sleep duration may regulate the effect of heavy metals on age at menopause.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Exposure mixtures and the near future of improving our understanding of worker health.Occupational and environmental medicine · 2025Article
- Oil spill cleanup related exposures to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, and n-hexane and incident diabetes mellitus.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Exposure to metal mixtures and telomere length in Bangladeshi children.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Serum concentrations of per- and polyfluorinated substances and risk of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.Environment international · 2024Article
- A prospective nested case-control study of serum concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and aggressive prostate cancer risk.Environmental research · 2023Article
- Volatile Hydrocarbon Exposures and Incident Coronary Heart Disease Events: Up to Ten Years of Follow-up amongEnvironmental health perspectives · 2023Article
- How do environmental characteristics jointly contribute to cardiometabolic health? A quantile g-computation mixture analysis.Preventive medicine reports · 2022Article
- Urinary metals and metal mixtures and timing of natural menopause in midlife women: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation.Environment international · 2021Article
- Mixture effects of prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and polybrominated diphenyl ethers on maternal and newborn telomere length.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2021Article
- Mixtures modeling identifies chemical inducers versus repressors of toxicity associated with wildfire smoke.The Science of the total environment · 2021Article
- The Association Between Cobalt and Osteoporosis: A Cross-Sectional Study Utilizing NHANES Data.Dose-response : a publication of International Hormesis SocietyArticle
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMenopause timing is related to cancer, cardiovascular disease, and mortality. Lead has been associated with an earlier age at menopause, but no study has considered exposure to other metals or multiple metals simultaneously.
methodsAt baseline, we measured toenail concentrations of 16 metals for 903 premenopausal women in the Sister Study (2003-2009). Age at menopause was ascertained through follow-up questionnaires. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between individual metals and age at menopause. We used quantile-g-computation to examine the association between age at menopause and the joint effect of a simultaneous increase in (1) all metals and for subgroups of metals categorized as (2) essential or (3) non-essential.
resultsFor individual metals, we observed negligible associations except for an interquartile range increase in lead which was modestly associated with an earlier age at menopause (HR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.01, 1.05). In the mixture analyses, a quartile increase in all metals was associated with a later age at menopause (HR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.64, 1.02). The metals with the largest negative contributions (i.e., associated with a later age at menopause) were chromium and nickel. The joint effect for the essential metals remained inverse (HR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.64, 1.07), but was attenuated for nonessential metals (HR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.76, 1.24).
conclusionsAlthough no individual metal was strongly associated with age at menopause, our joint effect analysis suggests that having low levels of essential metals could be associated with an earlier age at menopause.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.