Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32832706›Full record

ArticleHeliyon2020

Formulation of PPAR-gamma agonist as surface modified PLGA nanoparticles for non-invasive treatment of diabetic retinopathy:

Umesh D Laddha, Sanjay J Kshirsagar

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Heliyon, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
1.5field-weighted citation impact, top 20% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
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  3. Formulation Development andCurrent drug delivery · 2026
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  11. Next generation therapeutics for retinal neurodegenerative diseases.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2024
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Umesh D LaddhaMET's Institute of Pharmacy, Bhujbal Knowledge City, Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Nashik, 422003, MS, India.
Sanjay J KshirsagarMET's Institute of Pharmacy, Bhujbal Knowledge City, Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Nashik, 422003, MS, India.
Savitribai Phule Pune University · IN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Diabetic retinopathy is one of the worst complications of diabetes and it is treated by invasive method. We prepared a surface modified poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) i.e. PLGA nanoparticles for delivery of pioglitazone-a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist to posterior segment of the eye by topical administration. The present study investigated two grades of PLGA viz. 75:25 and 50:50. Surface modification was performed using polysorbate 80. Nanoparticles were prepared by single emulsion solvent evaporation method and optimized by using 3-factor 3-level Box-Behnken statistical design. Mean particle size, PDI and entrapment efficiency for optimized batch of PLGA 75:25 was found to be 163.23 nm, 0.286 and 91%, whereas; for PLGA 50:50 it was 171.7 nm, 0.280 and 93% respectively. DSC confirms the molecular dispersion of drug in polymer. In vitro release study showed biphasic drug release pattern with 58.48 ± 1.38% and 74.17 ± 1.38% cumulative drug release by PLGA 75:25 and 50:50 nanoparticles at the end of 10h. The release profile of pioglitazone from nanoparticles appeared to fit best with Higuchi model. In vivo study on rat showed dose dependent reduction in vascular endothelial growth factor concentration in vitreous fluid. The study reveals significance of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma in management of diabetic retinopathy.

Indexed as

Alternative medicineBox-Behnken statistical designDiabetic retinopathyNanomaterialsNanoparticleOphthalmologyPharmaceutical sciencePharmacologyPLGAPPAR-gammaVEGF

Identifiers

PMID32832706
PMCPMC7432955
OpenAlexW3047895566

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.