ReviewAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2020
Direct Ink Writing Based 4D Printing of Materials and Their Applications.
Review in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed.
- Research on Stereolithography-Based Shape Memory Polymers/FeMaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Dynamic Biomaterial: A Platform for Biomedical Applications With Multiple Preparation Strategies.Macromolecular rapid communications · 2026Review
- 3D Printed Meter-Scale Soft Origami Robots Capable of Load-Bearing Actuation Via Crease Stiffness Modulation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Exploring the role of 4D printing materials, techniques, and characteristics for personalized oncology.Translational oncology · 2026Review
- 4D Printing of Magnetically Responsive Shape Memory Polymers: Toward Sustainable Solutions in Soft Robotics, Wearables, and Biomedical Devices.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Incorporating crystalline smart materials to fabricate 4D printed photomechanical actuators with photovoltaic performance.Smart molecules : open access · 2026Article
- Advanced Design Concepts for Shape-Memory Polymers in Biomedical Applications and Soft Robotics.Polymers · 2026Review
- Polymer Composites in Additive Manufacturing: Current Technologies, Applications, and Emerging Trends.Polymers · 2026Review
- Facile Access to Salt-Resistant Polyzwitterionic Hydrogel Evaporator via In Situ Frontal Curing-3D Printing Strategy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Cell Contractile Forces Drive Spatiotemporal Morphogenesis in 4D Bioprinted Living Constructs.Matter · 2025Article
- Next-generation health monitoring: The role of nanomaterials in 3D-printed wearable devices.Materials today (Kidlington, England) · 2025Article
- Template-free 3D programmable magnetization of soft millirobots induced by interlayer stress.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Review
- Comparative Study on Extrusion 3D Printing of Solid Propellant Based on Plunger and Screw.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Time Code for multifunctional 3D printhead controls.Nature communications · 2025Article
- 4D fabrication of shape-changing systems for tissue engineering: state of the art and perspectives.Progress in additive manufacturing · 2025Review
- 4D Printing of Magnetically Responsive Materials and Their Applications.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Review
- 4D Printing of Shape-Morphing Liquid Crystal Elastomers.Chem & bio engineering · 2024Review
- Review: Application of 3D Printing Technology in Soft Robots.3D printing and additive manufacturing · 2024Review
- Rheology in Product Development: An Insight into 3D Printing of Hydrogels and Aerogels.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
4D printing has attracted academic interest in the recent years because it endows static printed structures with dynamic properties with the change of time. The shapes, functionalities, or properties of the 4D printed objects could alter under various stimuli such as heat, light, electric, and magnetic field. Briefly, 4D printing is the development of 3D printing with the fourth dimension of time. Among the fabrication techniques that have been employed for 4D printing, the direct ink writing technique shows superiority due to its open source for various types of materials. Herein, the state-of-the-art achievements about the topic of 4D printing through direct ink writing are summarized. The types of materials, printing strategies, actuated methods, and their potential applications are discussed in detail. To date, most efforts have been devoted to shape-shifting materials, including shape memory polymers, hydrogels, and liquid crystal elastomers, showing great prospects in areas ranging from the biomedical field to robotics. Finally, the current challenges and outlook toward 4D printing based on direct ink writing are also pointed out to leave open a significant space for future innovation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.