ArticleTranslational vision science & technology2020
Microbial Cross-contamination in Multidose Eyedrops: The Impact of Instillation Angle and Bottle Geometry.
Article in Translational vision science & technology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Evaluation of contamination in preservative-free multi-dose Brimonidine eye drops: a comparative study.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Microbiological Contamination of Medicinal Products -Is It a Significant Problem?Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- AAV2/9-mediated gene transfer into murine lacrimal gland leads to a long-term targeted tear film modification.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2022Article
- Review
- Pupillary Dilation in Research: More than Meets the Eye.Current eye research · 2022Article
- Microbial Contamination of Preservative-Free Artificial Tears Based on Instillation Techniques.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Microbial Contamination of Extended Use Ophthalmic Drops in Ophthalmology Clinic.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Article
- Mass variability in drops of multidose eyedrops: a quality and reliability study.Arquivos brasileiros de oftalmologiaArticle
- Characterizing Current Attitudes and Practices for Human Subject Safety in Studies Involving Pupil Dilation.Journal of empirical research on human research ethics : JERHREArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the impact of instillation angle and nozzle tip geometry on cross-contamination risk of multidose ocular solution bottles. Methods: Results: After seven days, bacterial contamination was detected in 53.7% of cultures when drops were administered at 90° and in 70.4% of cultures at 45°. Eyedrops collected from a rounded nozzle tip and an instillation angle of 90° transmitted bacteria in 69.4% of cases, whereas those administered from a sharp tip transmitted bacteria in only 22.2% of cases ( Conclusions: Adjusting the instillation angle of eyedrop solutions to 90°, as well as using a nozzle geometry that prevents flow of the solution to the side of the bottle, significantly reduced contamination rates. Translational Relevance: Standardizing drop bottles and adjusting delivery angle shows promise in reducing contamination rates and may critically impact the quality of care for patients requiring topical therapeutic agents.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.