ArticleSocial sciences (Basel, Switzerland)2018
Diminished Economic Return of Socioeconomic Status for Black Families.
Article in Social sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers.
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Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed.
- Black Americans' Diminished Health Returns of Professional Occupations: A Thirty-Year Follow-Up Study of Middle-Aged and Older Adults.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- How Education Shapes Indigenous Health Inequalities in the USA and Mexico.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- The CEASE Tobacco Cessation Controlled Trial for Low-Income Racial and Ethnic Minority Participants: Key Predictors of Success.Global journal of cardiovascular diseases · 2025Article
- "To Be Twice as Good to Get Half": Minorities' Diminished Returns.Journal of biomedical and life sciences · 2025Article
- Trauma Erodes Financial Returns of Educational Attainment.Open journal of educational research · 2025Article
- Educational Attainment Better Protects Non-Latino than Latino People Against Diabetes Mellitus.Global journal of cardiovascular diseases · 2025Article
- Unequal Benefits: How Parental Education Falls Short for Black and Latino Youth.Open journal of educational research · 2025Article
- Uneven Impact of Maternal Education at Birth on High School Grades of Black and White Students.Open journal of educational research · 2025Article
- Diminished Returns of Educational Attainment on Welfare Receipt of American Indian/Alaska Native People: National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) 2023.Open journal of psychology · 2025Article
- Diminished Returns of Educational Attainment on Hypertension Prevalence among American Indian and Alaska Native Adults: National Health Interview Survey 2023.Global journal of cardiovascular diseases · 2025Article
- Weaker Effects of Educational Attainment on Chronic Medical Conditions in American Indian Alaska Native, Black, and Latino Adults: National Health Interview Survey 2023.Open journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- [Does race/skin color modify the effect of intergenerational educational mobility on life satisfaction and family income? ELSA-Brasil results].Cadernos de saude publica · 2025Article
- Race, College Graduation, and Time of Retirement in the United States: A Thirty-Year Longitudinal Cohort of Middle-Aged and Older Adults.Open journal of educational research · 2024Article
- Disparate benefits of higher childhood socioeconomic status on cognition in young adulthood by intersectional social positions.Advances in life course research · 2024Article
- Racial Disparities in Occupational Distribution Among Black and White Adults with Similar Educational Levels: Analysis of Middle-Aged and Older Individuals in the Health and Retirement Study.Journal of rehabilitation therapy · 2024Article
- Caste-based Diminished Returns of Educational Attainment on Wealth Accumulation in India.Open journal of educational research · 2024Article
- Educated but Unhealthy? Examining Minorities' Diminished Returns.Global journal of epidemiology and infectious disease · 2024Article
- Educated but on Social Security Disability Insurance: Minorities' Diminished Returns.Journal of biomedical and life sciences · 2024Article
- Diminished Returns of Educational Attainment on Body Mass Index Among Latino Populations: Insights from UAS Data.Global journal of epidemiology and infectious disease · 2024Article
- Unequal Effect of Educational Attainment on Reducing Poverty and Welfare; Diminished Returns of American Indian/Alaska Native Populations.Journal of rehabilitation therapy · 2024Article
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Funding
Abstract
backgroundAccording to the Minorities' Diminished Return theory, socioeconomic status (SES) systemically generates larger gains for Whites compared to Blacks. It is, however, unknown whether the effects of baseline SES on future family income also varies between Blacks and Whites.
aimsUsing a national sample, this study investigated racial variation in the effects of family SES (i.e., family structure, maternal education, and income) at birth on subsequent household income at age 15.
methodsThis 15-year longitudinal study used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS), which followed 1471 non-Hispanic Black or White families from the time of birth of their child for 15 years. Two family SES indicators (maternal education and income) at birth were the independent variables. Family income 15 years later was the outcome. Maternal age, child gender, and family structure at baseline were covariates. Race was the focal moderator. Linear regression models were used for data analysis.
resultsIn the pooled sample, maternal education (b = 11.62,
conclusionsThe economic return of family SES is smaller for Black compared to White families, regardless of the SES indicator. Policies should specifically address structural barriers in the lives of racial and ethnic minorities to minimize the diminished return of SES resources across racial minority groups. Policies should also reduce extra costs of upward social mobility for racial minorities. As the likely causes are multi-level, solutions should also be also multi-level. Without such interventions, it may be very difficult if not impossible to eliminate the existing Black-White economic gap.
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