Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32831977›Full record

ArticlePharmacy practice

Evaluation of the entrustable professional activities (EPAs) of the population health promoter domain by North Dakota pharmacists.

David M Scott, Michael Kelsch, Anqing Zhang, Daniel L Friesner

Open access · diamondAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Pharmacy practice. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
0.4field-weighted citation impact, top 33% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

David M ScottBPharm, MPH, PhD. Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University. Fargo, ND (United States). david.scott@ndsu.edu.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1109-6760
Michael KelschPharmD, BCPS. Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University. Fargo, ND (United States). michael.kelsch@ndsu.edu.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2903-1938
Anqing ZhangPhD. Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC United States). azhang2@childrensnational.org.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9891-1579
Daniel L FriesnerPhD. Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University. Fargo, ND (United States). daniel.friesner@ndsu.edu.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1095-345X
North Dakota State University · USChildren's National · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEntrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) are a list of professional tasks that pharmacy educational organizations support, and accreditation organizations encourage, for assessment by colleges and schools of pharmacy.

objectiveThis manuscript evaluates the perceived frequency of performing EPAs in the population health promoter (PHP) domain among pharmacists practicing in North Dakota.

methodsThis survey evaluated the self-reported EPA activities of registered pharmacists living and practicing in North Dakota. For EPAs and supporting tasks in the 6 domains (including the PHP domain), respondents were asked to self-report the number of times during the last 30 days that they perform the task, using a 6 point response scale (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or more times). There were 990 pharmacists surveyed, and 457 (46.1%) of pharmacists responded.

resultsWithin the PHP domain, pharmacists reported performing "Minimize adverse drug events and medication errors" most frequently (mean=3.4, SD=2.0), followed by "Ensure that patients have been immunized against vaccine-preventable diseases" (mean=2.3, SD 2.3), "Maximize the appropriate use of medications in a population" (mean=2.2, SD 2.3), and "Identify patients at risk for prevalent diseases in a population" (mean=1.3, SD=1.9). In these Core EPAs PHP domains, the clinical pharmacists reported the highest level, followed by pharmacy managers and staff pharmacists.

conclusionsPharmacists in North Dakota currently perform some population health promoter activities, but not at a consistent and high level. Most of the health prevention activities were medication-related and oriented towards individual patients (micro-level), rather than at a community (population-based) macro-level.

Indexed as

AccreditationCompetency-Based EducationEducation, PharmacyInternship, NonmedicalMedication ErrorsNorth DakotaPharmaciesPharmacistsPopulation HealthSchools, PharmacyStudents, Pharmacy

Identifiers

PMID32831977
PMCPMC7427612
OpenAlexW3048444197

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.