ArticleDiabetology & metabolic syndrome2020
Effect of supplementation with vitamins D3 and K2 on undercarboxylated osteocalcin and insulin serum levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial.
Article in Diabetology & metabolic syndrome, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05995522 (Effect of Vitamin K2 Supplementation and Its Association With Osteocalcin Serum Levels, Leptin, Th1/Th2 Cytokine Profile, and Cardiovascular Risk in Young Mexican Adults With Overweight and Obesity), which is not on this map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Vitamin K2 Supplementation and Its Association With Osteocalcin Serum Levels, Leptin, Th1/Th2 Cytokine Profile, and Cardiovascular Risk in Young Mexican Adults With Overweight and Obesity
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Differential Effects of Vitamin K Across Glycaemic Outcomes in Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- Network meta-analysis of the effects of combined exercise and vitamin intervention on insulin resistance and related indicators in patients with type 2 diabetes.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Vitamins K2 and D3 Improve Long COVID, Fungal Translocation, and Inflammation: Randomized Controlled Trial.Nutrients · 2025Trial
- Analysis of Osteocalcin Hormone Proteoforms with Vitamin D Deficiency in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Using Multiple-Reaction Monitoring-Mass Spectrometric Immunoassay Approach.Methods and protocols · 2026Article
- Vitamin K2 Supplementation Reduces Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Young Adults with Overweight and Obesity-A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Vitamin D and Diabetes: Exploring the Link, Prevention, and Management.Current medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Vitamin K2 Alleviates Insulin Resistance Associated Skeletal Muscle Atrophy via the AKT/mTOR Signalling Pathway.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2025Article
- Review
- Menaquinone-7 and its therapeutic potential in type 2 diabetes mellitus based on a Zucker diabetic fatty rat model.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Vitamin K: Infection, Inflammation, and Auto-Immunity.Journal of inflammation research · 2024Review
- Potential Metabolic Pathways Involved in Osteoporosis and Evaluation of Fracture Risk in Individuals with Diabetes.BioMed research international · 2024Review
- Vitamin K2 enhances the tumor suppressive effects of 1,25(OH)The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology · 2023Article
- Does Vitamin K2 Influence the Interplay between Diabetes Mellitus and Intervertebral Disc Degeneration in a Rat Model?Nutrients · 2023Article
- Interaction between Dietary Vitamin DAquaculture nutrition · 2023Article
- Rethinking Fragility Fractures in Type 2 Diabetes: The Link between Hyperinsulinaemia and Osteofragilitas.Biomedicines · 2021Review
- Review
- The Role of Vitamin K in Humans: Implication in Aging and Age-Associated Diseases.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Vitamin D and Vitamin K: Synergistic Roles and Emerging Evidence for Combined Supplementation.Journal of mid-life healthArticle
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are characterized by chronic hyperglycemia as a consequence of decreased insulin sensitivity, which contributes to bone demineralization and could also be related to changes in serum levels of osteocalcin and insulin, particularly when coupled with a deficiency in the daily consumption of vitamins D3 and K2. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin D3 and vitamin K2 supplements alone or in combination on osteocalcin levels and metabolic parameters in patients with T2DM.
methodsA double-blind, randomized clinical trial was carried out in 40 patients aged between 30 and 70 years old for 3 months. Clinical and laboratory assessment was carried out at the beginning and at the end of the treatment. The patients were divided into three groups: (a) 1000 IU vitamin D3 + a calcinated magnesium placebo (n = 16), (b) 100 µg of Vitamin K2 + a calcinated magnesium placebo (n = 12), and (c) 1000 IU vitamin D3 + 100 µg vitamin K2 (n = 12).
resultsAfter treatment in the total studied population, a significant decrease in glycemia (p = 0.001), HOMA-IR (Homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance) (p = 0.040), percentage of pancreatic beta cells (p < 0.001), uOC/cOC index and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.030) were observed; in vitamin D3 group, differences in serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin (p = 0.026), undercarboxylated to carboxylated osteocalcin index (uOC/cOC) (p = 0.039) glucose (p < 0.001) and % of functional pancreatic beta cells (p < 0.001) were demonstrated. In vitamin K2 group a significant decrease in glycemia (p = 0.002), HOMA-IR (p = 0.041), percentage of pancreatic beta cells (p = 0.002), and in cOC (p = 0.041) were observed, conversely cOC concentration was found high. Finally, in the vitamins D3 + K2 a significant decrease in glycemia (p = 0.002), percentage of pancreatic beta cells (p = 0.004), and in the uOC/cOC index (p = 0.023) were observed.
conclusionIndividual or combined supplementation with vitamins D3 and K2 significantly decreases the glucose levels and % of functional pancreatic beta cells, while D3 and D3 + K2 treatments also induced a reduction in the uOC/cOC index. Only in the group with vitamin D3 supplementation, it was observed a reduction in undercarboxylated osteocalcin while vitamin K2 increased the carboxylated osteocalcin levels.
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