ArticleJournal of clinical epidemiology2020
Loss to follow-up correction increased mortality estimates in HIV-positive people on antiretroviral therapy in Mozambique.
Article in Journal of clinical epidemiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mortality and Loss to Follow-Up Among Adolescents and Young Adults Attending HIV Care Programs in Kenya.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2023Trial
- Incidence and predictors of loss to follow-up among HIV infected adults on antiretroviral therapy in Guji Zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2023.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Predicting patient dropout: a nomogram for loss to follow-up afterFrontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Improving estimators of HIV mortality and retention in care by linking clinical cohort data with national registries in Mexico.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Experiences of nurses in patient adherence to antiretoroviral therapy in Mpumalanga, South Africa.African journal of primary health care & family medicine · 2025Article
- Predictors of loss to follow-up among people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in a rural health facility using paper-based records.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Survival analysis and factors influencing survival time of adult HIV/AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy from 2012 to 2022 in Chongqing, China: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- What are our options for mortality data collection and how can they provide HIV-specific information?Journal of public health in Africa · 2025Review
- Correcting mortality estimates among children and youth on antiretroviral therapy in southern Africa: A comparative analysis between a multi-country tracing study and linkage to a health information exchange.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2024Article
- Estimating the mortality risk correcting for high loss to follow-up among female sex workers with HIV in Durban, South Africa, 2018-2021.Annals of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Mortality and associated factors among people living with HIV admitted at a tertiary-care hospital in Uganda: a cross-sectional study.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Site-Level Comprehensiveness of Care Is Associated with Individual Clinical Retention Among Adults Living with HIV in International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS, a Global HIV Cohort Collaboration, 2000-2016.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2022Article
- Tracing People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Who Are Lost to Follow-up at Antiretroviral Therapy Programs in Southern Africa: A Sampling-Based Cohort Study in 6 Countries.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Article
- Retention in care and predictors of attrition among HIV-infected patients who started antiretroviral therapy in Kinshasa, DRC, before and after the implementation of the 'treat-all' strategy.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
- Cervical Cancer Screening Cascade for women living with HIV: a cohort study from Zimbabwe.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
- Liberia adherence and loss-to-follow-up in HIV and AIDS care and treatment: A retrospective cohort of adolescents and adults from 2016-2019.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
- Regression discontinuity analysis demonstrated varied effect of Treat-All on CD4 testing among Southern African countries.Journal of clinical epidemiology · 2021Article
- Evaluation of treatments for HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma in Africa.Infectious agents and cancer · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesPeople living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) may be lost to follow-up (LTFU), which hampers the assessment of outcomes. We estimated mortality for patients starting ART in a rural region in sub-Saharan Africa and examined risk factors for death, correcting for LTFU. STUDY DESIGN AND
settingWe analyzed data from Ancuabe, Mozambique, where patients LTFU are traced by phone and home visits. We used cumulative incidence functions to estimate mortality and LTFU. To correct for LTFU, we revised outcomes based on tracing data using different inverse probability weights (maximum likelihood, Ridge regression, or Bayesian model averaging). We fitted competing risk models to identify risk factors for death and LTFU.
resultsThe analyses included 4,492 patients; during 8,152 person-years of follow-up, 486 patients died, 2,375 were LTFU, 752 were traced, and 603 were found. At 4 years after starting ART, observed mortality was 11.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.9-13.0), but 23.5% (95% CI: 19.8-28.0), 21.6% (95% CI: 18.7-25.0), and 23.3% (95% CI: 19.7-27.6) after correction with maximum likelihood, Ridge regression, and Bayesian model averaging weights, respectively. The risk factors for death included male sex, lower CD4 cell counts, and more advanced clinical stage.
conclusionIn ART programs with substantial LTFU, mortality estimates need to take LTFU into account.
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