ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2021
Education differentially contributes to cognitive reserve across racial/ethnic groups.
Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 111 citations in OpenAlex.
- Education, Occupational Complexity, and Incident Dementia: A COSMIC Collaborative Cohort Study.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2022Pooled it
- Sex differences in the association between tau PET and cognitive performance in a non-Hispanic White cohort with preclinical AD.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Trial
- Superficial white matter and gray matter jointly support cognition among older adults in India.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Cognitive reserve against vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia: A scoping review.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Assessing Functional Cognition in People on Maintenance Hemodialysis Using Performance-Based Testing.Kidney360 · 2026Article
- Educational attainment is associated with reduced functional decline in Puerto Ricans with elevated pTau181.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2026Article
- Perceived control, brain health, and cognitive reserve: longitudinal resilience mechanisms in Black, White, and Hispanic older adults.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026Article
- Historically Black College or University Attendance and Cognition in US Black Adults.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Cognitive Aging in the Context of the Housing Crisis: Trends and Evidence From the Health and Retirement Study.Canadian studies in population · 2026Article
- Predicting low premorbid cognitive ability with social determinants: A machine learning approach.JAR life · 2026Article
- The interaction between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and emotional status with subjective cognitive decline among rural older adults: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Brain and cognitive correlates of social status across race/ethnicity and sex/gender.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- The relationship between blood pressure and cognitive decline differs by race.The Gerontologist · 2025Article
- Neighborhood disadvantage and subjective cognitive function among older Black women.Psychology and aging · 2025Article
- Measurement equivalence of the UDS version 2.0 and 3.0 neuropsychological batteries.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- High School Curricular Rigor and Cognitive Function among White Older Adults.Journal of health and social behavior · 2025Article
- Association between education and rate of cognitive decline among individuals with Alzheimer's disease: A multi-national European observational study.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2025Observational
- Cognitive reserve and mild cognitive impairment in older adults of low socioeconomic status: evidence from an observational study in Colombia.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2025Observational
- Regional Differences in Dementia Incidence Among US Veterans.JAMA neurology · 2025Article
- On the complexity of biomarker-driven diagnoses of Alzheimer's disease.Journal of neuropsychology · 2025Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
27 authors at 16 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionWe examined whether educational attainment differentially contributes to cognitive reserve (CR) across race/ethnicity.
methodsA total of 1553 non-Hispanic Whites (Whites), non-Hispanic Blacks (Blacks), and Hispanics in the Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project (WHICAP) completed structural magnetic resonance imaging. Mixture growth curve modeling was used to examine whether the effect of brain integrity indicators (hippocampal volume, cortical thickness, and white matter hyperintensity [WMH] volumes) on memory and language trajectories was modified by education across racial/ethnic groups.
resultsHigher educational attainment attenuated the negative impact of WMH burden on memory (β = -0.03; 99% CI: -0.071, -0.002) and language decline (β = -0.024; 99% CI:- 0.044, -0.004), as well as the impact of cortical thinning on level of language performance for Whites, but not for Blacks or Hispanics. DISCUSSION: Educational attainment does not contribute to CR similarly across racial/ethnic groups.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.