ArticleScience immunology2020
Natural killer cell immunotypes related to COVID-19 disease severity.
Article in Science immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 328 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
328 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 508 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gut distress and interventionFrontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Innate immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection: a review.Epidemiology and infection · 2022Pooled it
- Efficacy and Safety of Anakinra Plus Standard of Care for Patients With Severe COVID-19: A Randomized Phase 2/3 Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2023Trial
- Immunomodulatory role of Nanocurcumin in COVID-19 patients with dropped natural killer cells frequency and function.European journal of pharmacology · 2022Trial
- Identifying SARS-CoV-2 'memory' NK cells from COVID-19 convalescent donors for adoptive cell therapy.Immunology · 2022Trial
- Next-generation natural killer cell therapy: bench to bedside and beyond.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Spatial transcriptomics unveils the in situ cellular and molecular hallmarks of the lung in fatal COVID-19.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Natural killer cells against viral infection: from basic biology to immunotherapy.Precision clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Single-cell sequencing reveals NK cell dysregulation during chronic HIV infection and identifies transitional NK cell cytotoxicity related to HIV reservoir decay.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Natural killer (NK) cells with downregulated activating receptors and IL-10 production promote Trypanosoma cruzi T-cell responses in subjects in the Chronic phase of Trypanosoma cruzi infection: An exploratory immunological analysis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- The Natural Killer Cell Landscape in the Natural History of Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome in a Chilean Cohort.Viruses · 2026Article
- Transient Interferon-Driven Natural Killer Cell Activation in Acute Hepatitis C.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Functional Profile of γδ T Cells in Severe and Moderate COVID-19: A Brazilian Cross-Sectional Study.Cells · 2026Article
- Single-cell polygenic risk scores dissect cellular and molecular heterogeneity of complex human diseases.Nature biotechnology · 2026Article
- The role of peripheral serotonin in SARS-CoV-2 infectivity, COVID-19 treatment and long COVID.Immunology and cell biology · 2026Review
- Long term cardiometabolic outcomes in COVID positive patients.Journal of public health research · 2026Review
- Natural killer cells in kidney immune surveillance, injury and fibrosis.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2026Review
- A systems immunology approach reveals divergent immune profiles of RSV and SARS-CoV-2 infections in infants.Science translational medicine · 2026Article
- Dysregulated NK-cell gene expression defines the enduring symptoms of long COVID-19.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The Expanding Role of HLA-E in Host Defense: A Target for Broadly Applicable Vaccines and Immunotherapies.Cells · 2025Review
268 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
29 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Understanding innate immune responses in COVID-19 is important to decipher mechanisms of host responses and interpret disease pathogenesis. Natural killer (NK) cells are innate effector lymphocytes that respond to acute viral infections but might also contribute to immunopathology. Using 28-color flow cytometry, we here reveal strong NK cell activation across distinct subsets in peripheral blood of COVID-19 patients. This pattern was mirrored in scRNA-seq signatures of NK cells in bronchoalveolar lavage from COVID-19 patients. Unsupervised high-dimensional analysis of peripheral blood NK cells furthermore identified distinct NK cell immunotypes that were linked to disease severity. Hallmarks of these immunotypes were high expression of perforin, NKG2C, and Ksp37, reflecting increased presence of adaptive NK cells in circulation of patients with severe disease. Finally, arming of CD56
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.