Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32825470›Full record

ArticlePharmacy (Basel, Switzerland)2020

Evaluation of Vaccination Training in Pharmacy Curriculum: Preparing Students for Workforce Needs.

Mary Bushell, Jane Frost, Louise Deeks, Sam Kosari, Zahid Hussain, Mark Naunton

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Mary BushellDiscipline of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, Canberra 2617, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-9262-0113
Jane FrostDiscipline of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, Canberra 2617, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-2717-4727
Louise DeeksDiscipline of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, Canberra 2617, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-8043-9528
Sam KosariDiscipline of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, Canberra 2617, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-6737-1442
Zahid HussainDiscipline of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, Canberra 2617, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-0819-3380
Mark NauntonDiscipline of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, Canberra 2617, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-6422-7170

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTo introduce and evaluate a university vaccination training program, preparing final year Bachelor of Pharmacy (BPharm) and Master of Pharmacy (MPharm) students to administer vaccinations to children and adults in community pharmacy and offsite (mobile and outreach) settings.

methodsFinal year BPharm and MPharm students were trained to administer intramuscular vaccinations to adults and children. The education program embedded in pharmacy degree curriculum was congruent with the requirements of the Australian National Immunisation Education Framework. The training used a mix of pedagogies including online learning; interactive lectures; and simulation, which included augmented reality and role play. All pharmacy students completing the program in 2019 were required to carry out pre- and post-knowledge assessments. Student skill of vaccination was assessed using an objective structured clinical assessment rubric. Students were invited to complete pre and post questionnaires on confidence. The post questionnaire incorporated student evaluation of learning experience questions.

resultsIn both cohorts, student vaccination knowledge increased significantly after the completion of the vaccination training program; pre-intervention and post-intervention mean knowledge score (SD) of BPharm and MPharm were (14.3 ± 2.7 vs. 22.7 ± 3.3;

conclusionThe developed vaccination training program improved both student knowledge and confidence. Pharmacy students who complete such training should be able to administer vaccinations to children and adults, improving workforce capability. Mixed reality in the education of pharmacy students can be used to improve student satisfaction and enhance learning.

Indexed as

accreditation standardsimmunizationpharmacy curriculumpharmacy educationpharmacy studentvaccination

Identifiers

PMID32825470
PMCPMC7559293

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.