ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2020
Existence of SARS-CoV-2 Entry Molecules in the Oral Cavity.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 106 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
106 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 202 citations in OpenAlex.
- The impact of periodontal disease on the clinical outcomes of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC oral health · 2023Pooled it
- Taste loss as a distinct symptom of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Chemical senses · 2023Pooled it
- Oral Health Implications of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19: A Systematic Review.Oral health & preventive dentistry · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Oral mucosal lesions in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review.The British journal of oral & maxillofacial surgery · 2021Pooled it
- Presence of SARS-CoV-2 and Its Entry Factors in Oral Tissues and Cells: A Systematic Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2021Pooled it
- Should We Be Concerned about the Association of Diabetes Mellitus and Periodontal Disease in the Risk of Infection by SARS-CoV-2? A Systematic Review and Hypothesis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2021Pooled it
- COVID-19 as a worldwide selective event and bitter taste receptor polymorphisms: An ecological correlational study.International journal of biological macromolecules · 2021Pooled it
- Photobiomodulation, Transmucosal Laser Irradiation of Blood, or B complex as alternatives to treat Covid-19 Related Long-Term Taste Impairment: double-blind randomized clinical trial.Lasers in medical science · 2023Trial
- Neuropeptide Y and peptide YY differentially modulate bitter- and fatty acid-evoked responses in human fungiform taste bud cells.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2026Article
- Biological Plausibility Between Long-COVID and Periodontal Disease Development or Progression.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Integrative insights into the oral microbiome's role in systemic diseases: novel therapeutic strategies and future directions.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2025Review
- Current Landscape of the Interrelationship Between Periodontitis, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Impact of Symptomatic COVID-19 on the Oral Health of Pediatric Patients in Tbilisi City.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Infectious and Immunological Links Between Periodontitis and COVID-19: A Review.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2025Review
- SARS-CoV-2-induced sensory perturbations: A narrative review of clinical phenotypes, molecular pathologies, and possible interventions.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Review
- Oral SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Risk for Long Covid.Reviews in medical virology · 2025Review
- Characteristics of Oral Adverse Effects following COVID-19 Vaccination and Similarities with Oral Symptoms in COVID-19 Patients: Taste and Saliva Secretory Disorders.Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre · 2025Review
- Relationship between periodontitis, type 2 diabetes mellitus and COVID-19 disease: a narrative review.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Neuropsychiatric Burden of SARS-CoV-2: A Review of Its Physiopathology, Underlying Mechanisms, and Management Strategies.Viruses · 2024Review
46 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2), and furin, which promote entry of the virus into the host cell, have been identified as determinants of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Dorsal tongue and gingiva, saliva, and tongue coating samples were examined to determine the presence of these molecules in the oral cavity. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that ACE2 was expressed in the stratified squamous epithelium of the dorsal tongue and gingiva. TMPRSS2 was strongly expressed in stratified squamous epithelium in the keratinized surface layer and detected in the saliva and tongue coating samples via Western blot. Furin was localized mainly in the lower layer of stratified squamous epithelium and detected in the saliva but not tongue coating. ACE2, TMPRSS2, and furin mRNA expression was observed in taste bud-derived cultured cells, which was similar to the immunofluorescence observations. These data showed that essential molecules for SARS-CoV-2 infection were abundant in the oral cavity. However, the database analysis showed that saliva also contains many protease inhibitors. Therefore, although the oral cavity may be the entry route for SARS-CoV-2, other factors including protease inhibitors in the saliva that inhibit viral entry should be considered.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.