ArticlePathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2020
Continuous Reassortment of Clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 Highly Pathogenetic Avian Influenza Viruses Demonstrating High Risk to Public Health.
Article in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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22 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- An NS1-F161L Substitution Determines Host-Driven Virulence Enhancement of H5N6 Avian Influenza Virus in Ducks.Viruses · 2026Article
- Experimental infection and viral pathogenesis of a human isolate of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza strain in Jersey cows.npj veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza viruses from birds in China replicate effectively in bovine cells and pose potential public health risk.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses: knowns, unknowns, and challenges.Journal of virology · 2025Review
- Visualizing and analyzing 3D biomolecular structures using Mol* at RCSB.org: Influenza A H5N1 virus proteome case study.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2025Article
- Emergence, migration and spreading of the high pathogenicity avian influenza virus H5NX of the Gs/Gd lineage into America.The Journal of general virology · 2025Review
- Genetic diversity of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N6 and H5N8 viruses in poultry markets in Guangdong, China, 2020-2022.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Investigation of human infection with H5N6 avian influenza cases in Sichuan Province from 2014 to 2024: a retrospective study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Highly pathogenic avian influenza: pandemic preparedness for a scenario of high lethality with no vaccines.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Pandemic preparedness through vaccine development for avian influenza viruses.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Review
- The Alarming Situation of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses in 2019-2023.Global medical genetics · 2024Review
- Emergence of HPAI H5N6 Clade 2.3.4.4b in Wild Birds: A Case Study From South Korea, 2023.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2024Article
- Current Research on Infectious Diseases of Domestic Animals from a One Health Perspective.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- A Comparison of Etiology, Pathogenesis, Vaccinal and Antiviral Drug Development between Influenza and COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Assessing potential pathogenicity of novel highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N6) viruses isolated from Mongolian wild duck feces using a mouse model.Emerging microbes & infections · 2022Article
- Pathogenicity and Transmissibility of Goose-Origin H5N6 Avian Influenza Virus Clade 2.3.4.4h in Mammals.Viruses · 2022Article
- Article
- Phylogenetic and Phylogeographic Analysis of the Highly Pathogenic H5N6 Avian Influenza Virus in China.Viruses · 2022Article
- Successful combinatorial therapy of sirolimus and neuraminidase inhibitors in a patient with highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N6) virus: a case report.Annals of translational medicine · 2022Article
- Subclinical Infection and Transmission of Clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Mandarin Duck (Viruses · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Since it firstly emerged in China in 2013, clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) has rapidly replaced predominant H5N1 to become the dominant H5 subtype in China, especially in ducks. Not only endemic in China, it also crossed the geographical barrier and emerged in South Korea, Japan, and Europe. Here, we analyzed the genetic properties of the clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 HPAIVs with full genome sequences available online together with our own isolates. Phylogenetic analysis showed that clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 HPAIVs continuously reassorted with local H5, H6, and H7N9/H9N2. Species analysis reveals that aquatic poultry and migratory birds became the dominant hosts of H5N6. Adaption to aquatic poultry might help clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 better adapt to migratory birds, thus enabling it to become endemic in China. Besides, migratory birds might help clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 transmit all over the world. Clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 HPAIVs also showed a preference for α2,6-SA receptors when compared to other avian origin influenza viruses. Experiments in vitro and in vivo revealed that clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 HPAIVs exhibited high replication efficiency in both avian and mammal cells, and it also showed high pathogenicity in both mice and chickens, demonstrating high risk to public health. Considering all the factors together, adaption to aquatic poultry and migratory birds helps clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 overcome the geographical isolation, and it has potential to be the next influenza pandemic in the world, making it worthy of our attention.
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