ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2020
Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in Crowded Environments.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 154 papers.
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Who cites it
154 citing papers in PubMed.
- Biomolecular coacervation-mediated materials: Phase states, phase transitions, and biomedical applications.Bioactive materials · 2027Review
- Protein-Independent Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation of Adenosine Triphosphate Under Crowded Conditions.Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Programmable DNA protonuclei reveal environmental context on protein phase separation.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Holographic Fingerprinting Reveals Oligomer-Driven Phase Separation in Bovine Serum Albumin.Chemical & biomedical imaging · 2026Article
- Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation-Enhanced Multienzyme Catalysis: Mechanisms and Applications.ChemSusChem · 2026Review
- Glycogen-dependent demixing of frog egg cytoplasm at increased crowding.Biophysical journal · 2026Article
- Molecular Crowding Stabilizes DNA Coacervate Droplets and Generates Self-Organized Characteristic Patterns.JACS Au · 2026Article
- G-quadruplex structures as regulators of cellular processes and drivers of genome instability in cancer.Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology · 2026Review
- Depletion forces from interacting crowders.Physical review. E · 2026Article
- Arabidopsis WSS1A, a DNA-protein crosslink repair protease, delays leaf senescence in cooperation with SUMO3.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2026Article
- Article
- A Novel Recombinant Protein Purification Approach Using Biomolecular Condensates.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Size of Biomolecular Condensates Dictates Fate in Liquid-Solid Phase Transitions through Amorphous-Amyloid Competition.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2026Article
- Stress granule phase separation in stress-responsive cytosolic extract-in-oil droplets.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Dysregulation of liquid-liquid phase separation: from molecular mechanisms to targeted therapies in cardiovascular diseases.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Article
- Dilute but Dense - Reversible Crosslinking Enables Water-Rich (Bio)polymer Condensates.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Residue-level mapping of crowding effects on protein phase separation.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2026Article
- A molecular grammar for programmable multiphase protein-RNA vesicles.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
94 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Biomolecular condensates play a key role in organizing cellular fluids such as the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm. Most of these non-membranous organelles show liquid-like properties both in cells and when studied in vitro through liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of purified proteins. In general, LLPS of proteins is known to be sensitive to variations in pH, temperature and ionic strength, but the role of crowding remains underappreciated. Several decades of research have shown that macromolecular crowding can have profound effects on protein interactions, folding and aggregation, and it must, by extension, also impact LLPS. However, the precise role of crowding in LLPS is far from trivial, as most condensate components have a disordered nature and exhibit multiple weak attractive interactions. Here, we discuss which factors determine the scope of LLPS in crowded environments, and we review the evidence for the impact of macromolecular crowding on phase boundaries, partitioning behavior and condensate properties. Based on a comparison of both in vivo and in vitro LLPS studies, we propose that phase separation in cells does not solely rely on attractive interactions, but shows important similarities to segregative phase separation.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.