ReviewCancers2020
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in pMMR Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Tough Challenge.
Review in Cancers, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04895137 (Safety and Efficacy of mFOLFOX6+ Bevacizumab+PD-1 Monoclonal Antibody Treatment Combinations in Patients With Local Advanced Microsatellite Stability Colorectal Cancer --an Open Label, Multicenter, Prospective Phase Ⅱ Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Safety and Efficacy of mFOLFOX6+ Bevacizumab+PD-1 Monoclonal Antibody Treatment Combinations in Patients With Local Advanced Microsatellite Stability Colorectal Cancer --an Open Label, Multicenter, Prospective Phase Ⅱ Study (BASKETII)
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of PD-1/L1 inhibitors as first-line therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Anlotinib plus sintilimab as first-line treatment for patients with advanced colorectal cancer (APICAL-CRC): an open-label, single-arm, phase II trial.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Trial
- Temozolomide Treatment Alters Mismatch Repair and Boosts Mutational Burden in Tumor and Blood of Colorectal Cancer Patients.Cancer discovery · 2022Trial
- Heat-killedFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Tissue-specific antitumor NK cell subsets identified in colorectal cancer liver metastases express candidate therapeutic targets.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Adding programmed death 1/programmed death ligand 1 inhibitors to first-line standard-of-care therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer: A meta-analysis.World journal of clinical oncology · 2025Article
- Exploring research frontiers and emerging trends of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of colorectal cancer.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Promising immunotherapeutic treatments for colon cancer.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Tissue-resident memory CD103+CD8+ T cells in colorectal cancer: its implication as a prognostic and predictive liver metastasis biomarker.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2024Article
- Improved survival of patients receiving immunotherapy and chemotherapy following curative-intent resection of colorectal liver metastases.Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract · 2024Article
- Circulating Tumor DNA to Drive Treatment in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2023Review
- Article
- Review
- Genetic and pharmacological modulation of DNA mismatch repair heterogeneous tumors promotes immune surveillance.Cancer cell · 2023Article
- Postoperative adjuvant tyrosine kinase inhibitors combined with anti-PD-1 antibodies improves surgical outcomes for hepatocellular carcinoma with high-risk recurrent factors.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Abscopal effect triggered by radiation sequential mono-immunotherapy resulted in a complete remission of PMMR sigmoid colon cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Article
- Synergizing liver systemic treatments with interventional oncology: friend or foe?The British journal of radiology · 2022Review
- Article
- Modulation of tumor environment in colorectal cancer - could gut microbiota be a key player?Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The introduction of checkpoint inhibitors provided remarkable achievements in several solid tumors but only 5% of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients, i.e., those with bearing microsatellite instable (MSI-high)/deficient DNA mismatch repair (dMMR) tumors, benefit from this approach. The favorable effect of immunotherapy in these patients has been postulated to be due to an increase in neoantigens due to their higher somatic mutational load, also associated with an abundant infiltration of immune cells in tumor microenvironment (TME). While in patients with dMMR tumors checkpoint inhibitors allow achieving durable response with dramatic survival improvement, current results in patients with microsatellite stable (MSS or MSI-low)/proficient DNA mismatch repair (pMMR) tumors are disappointing. These tumors show low mutational load and absence of "immune-competent" TME, and are intrinsically resistant to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Modifying the interplay among cancer cells, TME and host immune system is the aim of multiple lines of research in order to enhance the immunogenicity of pMMR mCRC, and exploit immunotherapy also in this field. Here, we focus on the rationale behind ongoing clinical trials aiming at extending the efficacy of immunotherapy beyond the MSI-high/dMMR subgroup with particular regard to academic no-profit studies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.