ArticleJournal of personalized medicine2020
Immunotherapy in Corticotroph and Lactotroph Aggressive Tumors and Carcinomas: Two Case Reports and a Review of the Literature.
Article in Journal of personalized medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Aggressive PitNETs and Potential Target Therapies: A Systematic Review of Molecular and Genetic Pathways.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Therapy for aggressive pituitary tumors and carcinomas.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Aggressive and malignant pituitary tumours: does the sex matter?Pituitary · 2026Review
- Predictive capacity of mismatch repair status in the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of aggressive pituitary tumors and pituitary carcinomas: An illustrative case report and literature review.Surgical neurology international · 2026Article
- Dominant T cell receptor clonotypes in adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting pituitary carcinoma are the highest-frequency clones among CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Review
- The Pituitary Immune Environment and Immunotherapy: From Hypophysitis to Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors.Cells · 2025Review
- Aggressive pituitary tumors and pituitary carcinomas: Definition, management, and overview for clinical practice.Neuro-oncology advances · 2025Article
- A Nexus of Biomolecular Complexities in Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors: Insights into Key Molecular Drivers.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Developmental pluripotency-associated 4 increases aggressiveness of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors by enhancing cell stemness.Neuro-oncology · 2025Article
- Evidence for somatic mutation screening on aggressive prolactinomas.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2024Article
- New Trends in Treating Cushing's Disease.TouchREVIEWS in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Therapeutical Usefulness of PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors in Aggressive or Metastatic Pituitary Tumours.Cancers · 2024Review
- Prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas: male-specific differences in pathogenesis, clinical presentation and treatment.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- Clinical features of pituitary carcinoma: analysis based on a case report and literature review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- Current and Emerging Pharmacological Therapies for Cushing's Disease.Current pharmaceutical design · 2024Review
- The utility of PET for detecting corticotropinomas in Cushing disease: a scoping review.Neurosurgical review · 2023Article
- Aggressive Pituitary Tumors and Pituitary Carcinomas: From Pathology to Treatment.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Article
- Tumour microenvironment and pituitary tumour behaviour.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2023Review
- The Role of Immunotherapy in the Treatment of Rare Central Nervous System Tumors.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Once temozolomide has failed, no other treatment is recommended for pituitary carcinomas and aggressive pituitary tumors. Recently, the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has raised hope, but so far, only one corticotroph carcinoma and one aggressive corticotroph tumor treated with immunotherapies have been reported in the literature. Here, we present two cases, one corticotroph carcinoma and one aggressive prolactinoma (the first one reported in the literature) treated with ipilimumab (1 mg/kg) and nivolumab (3 mg/kg) every three weeks, followed by maintenance treatment with nivolumab (3 mg/kg every 2 weeks) in the case of the corticotroph carcinoma, and we compare them with the two previously reported cases. Patient #1 presented a biochemical partial response (plasma ACTH decreased from 13,813 to 841 pg/mL) and dissociated radiological response to the combined ipilimumab and nivolumab-the pituitary mass decreased from 37 × 32 × 41 to 29 × 23 × 42 mm, and the pre-existing liver metastases decreased in size (the largest one from 45 to 14 mm) or disappeared, while a new 11-mm liver metastasis appeared. The maintenance nivolumab (21 cycles) resulted in a stable disease for the initial liver metastases, and in progressive disease for the newly appeared metastasis (effectively treated with radiofrequency ablation) and the pituitary mass. Patient #2 presented radiological and biochemical progressive disease after two cycles of ICIs-the pituitary mass increased from 38 × 42 × 26 to 53 × 57 × 44 mm, and the prolactin levels increased from 4410 to 9840 ng/mL. In conclusion, ICIs represent a promising therapeutic option for aggressive pituitary tumors and carcinomas. The identification of subgroups of responders will be key.
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