ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2020
Divergent Effect of Cigarette Smoke on Innate Immunity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Nicotine-Infection Interaction.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Relationship between smoking status and ulcerative colitis: a meta-analysis based on a case-control study.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- The role of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in promoting M2 macrophage polarization at inflammatory sites.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Neuroimmune interactions in inflammatory bowel disease: Role of intestinal macrophages and the cholinergic pathway.World journal of gastroenterology · 2025Review
- Environmental and Microbial Factors in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Model Establishment: A Review Partly through Mendelian Randomization.Gut and liver · 2024Review
- Altered DNA methylation within DNMT3A, AHRR, LTA/TNF loci mediates the effect of smoking on inflammatory bowel disease.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Advances in research on the role of high carbohydrate diet in the process of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Butyrate Protects and Synergizes with Nicotine against Iron- and Manganese-induced Toxicities in Cell Culture.Neurotoxicity research · 2023Article
- The Role of the Microbiome in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis-A Literature Review.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Cholinergic Polarization of Human Macrophages.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Butyrate protects and synergizes with nicotine against iron- and manganese-induced toxicities in cell culture: Implications for neurodegenerative diseases.Research square · 2023Article
- Impact of nicotine and cotinine on macrophage inflammatory plasticity via vesicular modifications in gastrointestinal bacteria.Anaerobe · 2023Article
- Cigarette Smoke Modulates Inflammation and ImmunityAntioxidants & redox signaling · 2023Review
- Cathelicidin Mediates an Anti-Inflammatory Role of Active Vitamin D (Calcitriol) DuringFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro by suppressing its receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, via aryl-hydrocarbon receptor signal.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Nicotine Increases Macrophage Survival through α7nAChR/NF-κB Pathway inMicroorganisms · 2021Article
- Anti-MAP Triple Therapy Supports Immunomodulatory Therapeutic Response in Crohn's Disease through Downregulation of NF-κB Activation in the Absence of MAP Detection.Biomedicines · 2020Article
- Nicotine Modulates MyD88-Dependent Signaling Pathway in Macrophages during Mycobacterial Infection.Microorganisms · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) has adverse effects in patients with Crohn's disease (CD), an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that has been associated with microbial infection, immuno-dysregulation, and mucosal dysfunction. However, CS seems to provide relief and protection to patients with another IBD known as ulcerative colitis (UC). These two subsets are featured as M1- and M2-mediated responses, respectively. Nicotine is the most active, addictive, and studied ingredient in CS. The mechanism of how nicotine and/or other CS ingredients induce pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory phenotypes in IBD patients remains under investigation. Our most recent in vitro nicotine study provided significant insights toward understanding the contradictory effects of nicotine on IBD patients, and it elucidated the mechanistic role of α7nAChR in modulation of macrophages in tobacco smokers. Shifting the beneficial effect of nicotine to a harmful outcome in CD patients was linked to a nicotine-microbe interaction that supports a microbial etiology in CD pathogenesis. Among the most debated pathogens in CD etiology is
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.