Observational studyClinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases2020
Clinical course and factors associated with outcomes among 1904 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Germany: an observational study.
Observational study in Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Rapid Evaluation of Coronavirus Illness Severity (RECOILS) in intensive care: Development and validation of a prognostic tool for in-hospital mortality.Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica · 2022Pooled it
- Factors associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19 admitted to intensive care: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Anaesthesia · 2021Pooled it
- Covid-19 and non-communicable diseases: evidence from a systematic literature review.BMC public health · 2021Pooled it
- Mortality in patients admitted to intensive care with COVID-19: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Anaesthesia · 2021Pooled it
- Socioeconomic determinants of COVID-19 incidence in a German rural area.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Brain Tumor Care in Relation to Patient Age-An Observational Study Between Years 2016 and 2022 in a Nationwide Cohort in Germany.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Observational
- [Experiences from SARS-CoV-2 pandemic at UKSH Lübeck].Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin · 2026Article
- Frailty in Stroke Care in Germany Between 2016 and 2022-A Retrospective, Hospital-Based Nationwide Cohort Study.NeuroSci · 2025Article
- Shifts in Frailty in A Nationwide Cohort of Spinal Stenosis Patients in Germany During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Journal of frailty, sarcopenia and falls · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- A Retrospective Claims Data Analysis on the Burden of COVID-19-Related Hospitalization in Adults at High Risk for Severe Disease Progression in Germany.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2025Article
- Longitudinal cellular and humoral immune responses following COVID-19 BNT162b2-mRNA-based booster vaccination of craft and manual workers in Qatar.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 infections in patients, health care workers and hospital outbreaks during the first 3 waves of the pandemic: a retrospective analysis in a secondary care hospital network in Germany.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Comparison of fatalities due to COVID-19 and other nonexternal causes during the first five pandemic waves : Results from multiple cause of death statistics in Bavaria.Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2024Article
- Changes in frailty among patients hospitalized for spine pathologies during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany-a nationwide observational study.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2024Observational
- Trends in frailty in brain tumor care during the COVID-19 pandemic in a nationwide hospital network in Germany.European geriatric medicine · 2023Observational
- Article
- Risk perception and avoidance of preventive behavior on the COVID-19 among cancer patients.Health science reports · 2023Article
- Mortality, Intensive Care Unit Admission, and Intubation among Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: A One-Year Retrospective Study in Jordan.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesIn Germany the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic situation is unique among large European countries in that incidence and case fatality rate are distinctly lower. We describe the clinical course and examine factors associated with outcomes among patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Germany.
methodsIn this retrospective cohort study we included patients with COVID-19 admitted to a national network of German hospitals between February 12 and June 12, 2020. We examined demographic characteristics, comorbidities and clinical outcomes.
resultsWe included 1904 patients with a median age of 73 years, 48.5% (924/1904) of whom were female. The mortality rate was 17% (317/1835; 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 16-19), the rate of admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) was 21% (399/1860; 95%CI 20-23), and the rate of invasive mechanical ventilation was 14% (250/1850: 95%CI 12-15). The most prominent risk factors for death were male sex (hazard ratio (HR) 1.45; 95%CI 1.15-1.83), pre-existing lung disease (HR 1.61; 95%CI 1.20-2.16), and increased patient age (HR 4.11 (95%CI 2.57-6.58) for age >79 years versus <60 years). Among patients admitted to the ICU, the mortality rate was 29% (109/374; 95%CI 25-34) and higher in ventilated (33% [77/235; 95%CI 27-39]) than in non-ventilated ICU patients (23%, 32/139; 95%CI 16-30; p < 0.05).
conclusionsIn this nationwide series of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Germany, in-hospital and ICU mortality rates were substantial. The most prominent risk factors for death were male sex, pre-existing lung disease, and greater patient age.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.