ReviewJournal of lipid and atherosclerosis2019
Mendelian Randomization Analysis in Observational Epidemiology.
Review in Journal of lipid and atherosclerosis, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
82 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 162 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Article
- Genetically Informed Research Designs in Perinatal Pharmacoepidemiology: A Methodological Overview.Drug safety · 2026Review
- Application of GBD 2021 and multiple omics to reveal the association and potential mechanism between glycated hemoglobin and intervertebral disc degeneration.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Causal cross-trait mapping at single-cell resolution identifies shared immunogenetic drivers of migraine and Meniere's disease.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Article
- Plasma lipidome mediates the causal effect of chronic hepatitis B on cirrhosis: A Mendelian randomization study.Medicine · 2026Article
- Genetic Susceptibility toLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Causal relationships between plasma metabolites and prostate cancer: A Mendelian randomization study exploring immune and inflammatory mediators.Current urology · 2026Article
- The Relationship of Peripheral Glycoprotein Nonmetastatic Melanoma Protein B and Parkinson's Disease: Insights From a Mendelian Randomization Study.International journal of genomics · 2026Article
- Bidirectional Associations Between Circulating Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization Study.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- Causal Effects Between Antibody-Mediated Immune Responses and Parkinson's Disease: Insights from Genetic Studies.Cureus · 2026Article
- Shared genetic associations between CHAInternational journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2025Article
- Xanthine oxidoreductase expression is diminished in breast cancer as a response to uric acid mediated chelation of redox active iron.Free radical biology & medicine · 2025Article
- The Role of Gut Microbiota on Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Mediated by Circulating Inflammatory Proteins: A Two-Step, Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.The clinical respiratory journal · 2025Article
- Association Between Cannabis Use and Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A Two-sample Mendelian Randomization Study.Alpha psychiatry · 2025Article
- Causal role of immunophenotypes in HIV-1 acquisition: insights from Mendelian randomization analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Investigation of the causal relationship of saturated fat acids on heart stroke: evidence from two-sample Mendelian randomization.BMC nutrition · 2025Article
- Association of Sleep, Inflammation and Female Infertility: A Cross-Sectional Survey and Genetic Approach.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Genetic Insights Into Dietary Factors, Metabolic Traits and Myasthenia Gravis Risk: A Large-Scale Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study in European Populations.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- Characterizing Genetic-Predisposed Proteins Involving Insomnia by Integrating Genome-Wide Association Study Summary Statistics.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Mendelian randomization (MR) in epidemiology is the use of genetic variants as instrumental variables (IVs) in non-experimental design to make causality of a modifiable exposure on an outcome or disease. It assesses the causal effect between risk factor and a clinical outcome. The main reason to approach MR is to avoid the problem of residual confounding. There is no association between the genotype of early pregnancy and the disease, and the genotype of an individual cannot be changed. For this reason, it results with randomly assigned case-control studies can be set by regressing the measurements. IVs in MR are used genetic variants for estimating the causality. Usually an outcome is a disease and an exposure is risk factor, intermediate phenotype which may be a biomarker. The choice of the genetic variable as IV (Z) is essential to a successful in MR analysis. MR is named 'Mendelian deconfounding' as it gives to estimate of the causality free from biases due to confounding (C). To estimate unbiased estimation of the causality of the exposure (X) on the clinically relevant outcome (Y), Z has the 3 core assumptions (A1-A3). A1) Z is independent of C; A2) Z is associated with X; and A3) Z is independent of Y given X and C; The purpose of this review provides an overview of the MR analysis and is to explain that using an IV is proposed as an alternative statistical method to estimate causal effect of exposure and outcome under controlling for a confounder.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.