ArticleBMJ open2020
Development of the generic, multidimensional Treatment Expectation Questionnaire (TEX-Q) through systematic literature review, expert surveys and qualitative interviews.
Article in BMJ open, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 48 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Validation of the French Version of the TEX-Q Questionnaire to Assess Patient's Expectations Regarding Their Surgery and Their Anesthesia.
Patients' Expectations Before, and Their Experiences After Spinal Surgery, Regarding Pain, Rehabilitation and Quality of Life
Determining the Predictors of Treatment Expectations in Individuals With Myofascial Pain Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Preoperative Treatment Expectations and Their Association with Postoperative Quality of Life and Patient Satisfaction in Non-Orthopedic Surgery: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Pooled it
- Optimising Treatment Expectations Using a Video-Based Intervention in Orthopaedic Surgery: Results From a Randomised Controlled Trial.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2025Trial
- Treatment Without Cost? Effects and Side Effects of an Internet-Based Intervention for Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR mental health · 2025Trial
- Treatment expectations and pain-related outcomes in clinical trials of digital cognitive-behavioral therapy for youth with chronic pain.The journal of pain · 2025Trial
- Open-label placebo treatment does not enhance cognitive abilities in healthy volunteers.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- The impact of pharmaceutical form and simulated side effects in an open-label-placebo RCT for improving psychological distress in highly stressed students.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary estimates of a multimodal AKTIVER Heart Delirium Prevention Program in patients indicated for cardiac surgery: study protocol of a randomized controlled PREVENT POstoperative Delirium (PREVENT-POD) Pilot Study.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2026Article
- Article
- Development and Application of a Psychological Expectations Scale for Patients With Middle- and Late-Stage Cervical Cancer in China.The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · 2026Article
- Distinct positive and negative dimensions of psychotherapy treatment expectations across three independent samples.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Translation and initial psychometric evaluation of the Danish version of the treatment expectation questionnaire (TEX-Q).Journal of patient-reported outcomes · 2026Article
- Development and validation of the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) questionnaire on pediatric pain management for physicians and nurses.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Article
- More optimistic treatment expectations are associated with better outcomes through stronger group cohesion, but not dyadic alliance: results from a naturalistic day clinic study in complex depression.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Expectation framing in psychotherapy: effects of approach- and avoidance-oriented video interventions on help-seeking intentions.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Psychedelics as Novel Therapeutics for Chronic Pain in Veterinary Medicine: A Hypothesis-Driven Protocol Using Low-Dose 1-Cyclopropionyl-D-lysergic Acid Diethylamide (1cp-LSD) in Canine Osteoarthritis.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- The impact of health beliefs on treatment decision conflict through treatment expectations mediation in patients with lumbar disc herniation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Information needs for people with neck pain seeking physiotherapy neck manipulation or mobilization: an exploratory study.The Journal of manual & manipulative therapy · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivePatients' expectations-as a central mechanism of placebo and nocebo effects-are an important predictor of health outcomes. However, the lack of a way to assess expectations across different settings restricts progress in understanding the role of expectations and to quantify their importance in medical and psychological treatments. The aim of this study was to develop a theory-based, generic, multidimensional measure assessing patient expectations of medical and psychological treatments.
designThe Treatment Expectation Questionnaire (TEX-Q) was developed based on the integrative model of expectations and a systematic literature review of treatment expectation scales. After creating a comprehensive item pool, the scale was further refined by use of expert ratings and patient interviews.
settingPatients were recruited in primary care at two hospitals in Hamburg, Germany.
participants13 scientific experts participated in the expert survey. 11 patients waiting for psychological or surgical treatments participated in the qualitative interviews.
resultsThe 2×2×2 multidimensional structure of the TEX-Q assesses two expectation constructs (probabilistic vs value-based) across two outcome domains with two valences (direct benefits and adverse events, broader positive and negative impact), plus process and behavioural control expectations. We examined 583 items from 38 scales identified in the systematic review and developed 78 initial items. Content validity was then rated by experts according to item fit and comprehensibility. The best 53 items were further evaluated for comprehensibility, acceptability, phrasing preference and understanding by interviewing patients prior to treatment using the 'think aloud' technique. This resulted in a first 35-item version of the TEX-Q.
conclusionsThe TEX-Q is a generic, multidimensional measure to assess patient expectations of medical and psychological treatments and allows comparison of the impact of multidimensional expectations across different conditions. The final TEX-Q will be available after psychometric validation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.