ArticleBMJ open2020
Caste, religion and regional differentials in life expectancy at birth in India: cross-sectional estimates from recent National Family Health Survey.
Article in BMJ open, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Community prevalence and dyad disease pattern of multimorbidity in China and India: a systematic review.BMJ global health · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of social determinants of health on the landscape of kidney disease.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2026Review
- Factors Associated with Acute Respiratory Infection among Children Under 5 Years in India: Results from 2019 to 2021 National Family Health Survey.Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine · 2025Article
- Assessing type-2 diabetes risk based on the Indian diabetes risk score among adults aged 45 and above in India.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Estimates of life expectancy and premature mortality among multidimensional poor and non-poor in India.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Variation in body size and weight status among Hindu and Muslim Indian males born in the 1890s through the 1950s.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- The prevalence of frailty and its relationship with sociodemographic factors, regional healthcare disparities, and healthcare utilization in the aging population across India.Aging medicine (Milton (N.S.W)) · 2023Article
- Evolution of Government-funded health insurance for universal health coverage in India.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2023Review
- Assessing the coverage of full antenatal care among adolescent mothers from scheduled tribe and scheduled caste communities in India.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Caste and COVID-19: Psychosocial disparities amongst rural Indian women during the coronavirus pandemic.The Journal of social issues · 2022Article
- Social, political and legal determinants of kidney health: Perspectives from lower- and middle-income countries with a focus on India.Frontiers in nephrology · 2022Review
- A Cross-National Comparison on Life Expectancy of Non-Hispanic White Americans.International journal of public health · 2022Article
- Geographical variability and factors associated with caesarean section delivery in India: a comparative assessment of Bihar and Tamil Nadu.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Economic gradient of onset of disability in India.BMC public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThough estimates of longevity are available by states, age, sex and place of residence in India, disaggregated estimates by social and economic groups are limited. This study estimates the life expectancy at birth and premature mortality by caste, religion and regions of India.
designThis study primarily used cross-sectional data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4), 2015-2016 and the Sample Registration System (SRS), 2011-2015. The NFHS-4 is the largest ever demographic and health survey covering 601 509 households and 811 808 individuals across all states and union territories in India. MEASURES: The abridged life table is constructed to estimate the life expectancy at birth, adult mortality (
resultsLife expectancy at birth was estimated at 63.1 years (95% CI 62.60 -63.64) for scheduled castes (SC), 64.0 years (95% CI 63.25 - 64.88) for scheduled tribes (ST), 65.1 years (95% CI 64.69 - 65.42) for other backward classes (OBC) and 68.0 years (95% CI 67.44 - 68.45) for others. The life expectancy at birth was higher among o Christians 68.1 years (95% CI 66.44 - 69.60) than Muslims 66.0 years (95% CI 65.29 - 66.54) and Hindus 65.0 years (95% CI 64.74 -65.22). Life expectancy at birth was higher among females than among males across social groups in India. Premature mortality was higher among SC (0.382), followed by ST (0.381), OBC (0.344) and others (0.301). The regional variation in life expectancy by age and sex is large.
conclusionIn India, social and religious differentials in life expectancy by sex are modest and need to be investigated among poor and rich within these groups. Premature mortality and adult mortality are also high across social and religious groups.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.