ArticleBMJ global health2020
Impact of the societal response to COVID-19 on access to healthcare for non-COVID-19 health issues in slum communities of Bangladesh, Kenya, Nigeria and Pakistan: results of pre-COVID and COVID-19 lockdown stakeholder engagements.
Article in BMJ global health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 173 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
173 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 383 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Epidemics, Lockdown Measures and Vulnerable Populations: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review of the Evidence of Impacts on Mother and Child Health in Low-and Lower-Middle-Income Countries.International journal of health policy and management · 2022Pooled it
- Article
- Healthcare access difficulty due to fear of COVID-19 infection among women of reproductive age: multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression analysis.African health sciences · 2026Article
- Health service responses and help-seeking for women experiencing violence during outbreaks in low- and middle-income settings: A scoping review.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Assessing demand and supply-side enabling and constraining factors on the provision and use of health services in urban slums of Southeast Nigeria.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- How did health service utilization and delivery change during the COVID-19 pandemic? Frontline healthcare workers' perceptions from the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Bangladesh.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Trends and pattern of contraceptive use among women attending a family planning clinic at a tertiary health facility in Ibadan, Nigeria.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Routine immunization status of nomadic children aged five years and below in Volta Region, Ghana in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Access to oral healthcare for children during the COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed-methods study in the Aegean region of Türkiye.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Modeling the initial impact and predicted future benefits of TCV from two Pakistani provinces.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2025Article
- A scoping review of the roles of stakeholders and coordination mechanisms for enhanced multi-sectoral and multi-level interventions in COVID-19 response in Nigeria.Health research policy and systems · 2025Article
- MetaCity: Data-driven sustainable development of complex cities.Innovation (Cambridge (Mass.)) · 2025Review
- Stewarding COVID-19 health systems response in Pakistan: what more can be done for a primary health care approach to future pandemics?BMJ global health · 2025Review
- Implications of COVID-19 pandemic and response approaches in Uganda: Stakeholder perspectives.Journal of public health in Africa · 2025Article
- Spatiotemporal distribution of leptospirosis in the Espirito Santo State, Brazil.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2025Article
- Disproportionate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on socially vulnerable communities: the case of Jane and Finch in Toronto, Ontario.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Maintenance of service delivery during medical countermeasures deployment: The association between the COVID-19 vaccine rollout and continuity of routine childhood immunization services in Uganda.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Sociocultural practices and COVID-19 prevention: A qualitative study of Mtwara, Shinyanga, and Arusha, Tanzania.Journal of public health in Africa · 2025Article
- How interventions to maintain services during the COVID-19 pandemic strengthened systems for delivery of maternal and child health services: a case-study of Wakiso District, Uganda.Global health action · 2024Article
113 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
42 authors at 9 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionWith COVID-19, there is urgency for policymakers to understand and respond to the health needs of slum communities. Lockdowns for pandemic control have health, social and economic consequences. We consider access to healthcare before and during COVID-19 with those working and living in slum communities.
methodsIn seven slums in Bangladesh, Kenya, Nigeria and Pakistan, we explored stakeholder perspectives and experiences of healthcare access for non-COVID-19 conditions in two periods: pre-COVID-19 and during COVID-19 lockdowns.
resultsBetween March 2018 and May 2020, we engaged with 860 community leaders, residents, health workers and local authority representatives. Perceived common illnesses in all sites included respiratory, gastric, waterborne and mosquitoborne illnesses and hypertension. Pre-COVID, stakeholders described various preventive, diagnostic and treatment services, including well-used antenatal and immunisation programmes and some screening for hypertension, tuberculosis, HIV and vectorborne disease. In all sites, pharmacists and patent medicine vendors were key providers of treatment and advice for minor illnesses. Mental health services and those addressing gender-based violence were perceived to be limited or unavailable. With COVID-19, a reduction in access to healthcare services was reported in all sites, including preventive services. Cost of healthcare increased while household income reduced. Residents had difficulty reaching healthcare facilities. Fear of being diagnosed with COVID-19 discouraged healthcare seeking. Alleviators included provision of healthcare by phone, pharmacists/drug vendors extending credit and residents receiving philanthropic or government support; these were inconsistent and inadequate.
conclusionSlum residents' ability to seek healthcare for non-COVID-19 conditions has been reduced during lockdowns. To encourage healthcare seeking, clear communication is needed about what is available and whether infection control is in place. Policymakers need to ensure that costs do not escalate and unfairly disadvantage slum communities. Remote consulting to reduce face-to-face contact and provision of mental health and gender-based violence services should be considered.
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